Elektrikli araç rotalama problemleri üzerine bir literatür incelemesi

Öz

Elektrikli Araç Rotalama Problemi (EARP), içten yanmalı motorlu araçların yerine elektrikli araçların (EA) kullanıldığı Araç Rotalama Problemi'nin (ARP) bir genişlemesidir. Elektrikli araçlar, pil kapasitesi nedeniyle sınırlı bir menzile sahiptir ve rotayı tamamlamak için şarj edilmeleri gerekmektedir. Şarj, pil seviyesine bağlı olarak ve pil kapasitesine kadar herhangi bir miktarda gerçekleştirilebilir. Ayrıca, şarj istasyonunun (Şİ) teknik altyapısına bağlı olarak şarj hızı değişebilir. Gerçek hayatta bazı uygulamalarda, şarj istasyonları yanında pil değiştirme istasyonları (PDI) kullanıldığı durumlar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma sadece lojistik faaliyetlerde elektrikli araçların kullanıldığı ve rota üzerinde şarj edildiği veya pil değiştirme yöntemiyle şarj edildiği makaleleri ele almaktadır. İlk olarak, elektrikli araç rota problemi tanıtılmış ve araç rota probleminden elektrikli araç rota problemine geçişin evrimi açıklanmıştır. Ardından, elektrikli araç rota problemi için matematiksel bir model sunulmuştur. Sonra, elektrikli araç rota problemi literatürü, veriler ve görseller kullanılarak özetlenmiş ve varsayımlar, kısıtlamalar, problem tipleri ve çözüm yaklaşımları gibi farklı özelliklere göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Odak noktası, her sınıfa dahil olan önemli yönler ve çözüm yaklaşımları üzerindedir. Son olarak, gelecekteki araştırma fırsatları özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektrikli araç rotalama problemi
• Sezgisel algoritmalar
• Literatür incelemesi

A review on the electric vehicle routing problems

Abstract

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) is an extension of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), wherein electric vehicles (EVs) are utilized instead of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Electric vehicles have a limited driving range due to their battery capacity and require recharging to complete their routes. Charging can take place at any battery level and can be done up to the battery capacity. Furthermore, the charging speed may vary depending on the technical infrastructure of the charging station (CS). In certain real-life applications, battery swap stations (BSSs) are used in conjunction with charging stations. This study specifically focuses on articles that discuss the use of electric vehicles in logistics activities, where they are charged during the route or through battery swapping. Firstly, the electric vehicle routing problem is introduced, explaining the evolution from the vehicle routing problem to the electric vehicle routing problem. Subsequently, a mathematical model for the electric vehicle routing problem is presented. The literature on the electric vehicle routing problem is then summarized using data and visuals, and classified based on different characteristics such as assumptions, constraints, problem types, and solution approaches. The emphasis is placed on the notable aspects and solution approaches within each category. Finally, future research opportunities are summarized.

Keywords

• Electric vehicle routing problem
• Heuristic algorithms
• Literature review

Kaynakça

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