Türkiye karayollarında inşa edilen konsol istinat duvarlarının incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, karayolları kenarlarında inşa edilen konsol istinat duvarlarının gerçek proje değerlerine göre incelenmiştir. İç Anadolu, Marmara ve Karadeniz gibi Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde arazide uygulanan 28 adet istinat duvarı projesi değerlendirilmiştir. Sürşarj yükü değeri, don derinliği, yeraltı su seviyesi, zeminin yüzey eğimi ve duvar yüksekliği değişken parametreler olarak seçilirken; temel zemini, granüler dolgu ve doğal zemin özellikleri sabit parametreler olarak kabul edilmiştir. Her bir duruma göre devrilme, kayma ve taşıma kapasitesine karşı güvenlik sayısının teorik hesaplamalarının tamamlanmasının yanı sıra maksimum yatay yer değiştirme değerlerini bulmak için Plaxis yazılımında iki boyutlu sonlu eleman modelleri çözülmüştür. Konsol duvarların statik analizlerinde Rankine aktif ve pasif toprak basıncı teorileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre sürşarj yükü, zeminin yüzey eğimi, duvar yüksekliği ve yeraltı suyu seviyesi artarsa, güvenlik faktörüne bağlı stabilite durumları azalmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, daha derindeki temel seviyesi, devrilme davranışını etkilemezken kayma ve taşıma kapasitesine karşı güvenlik faktörünü arttırmaktadır. Diğer dış etkenlerden ziyade yeraltı suyunun konumu baskın parametre olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, diğer kriterler karşılansa dahi, güvensiz ve ekonomik olmayan koşullar nedeniyle 15 m'den daha yüksek betonarme konsol istinat duvarı tasarım yüksekliği önerilmemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Konsol istinat duvarı
• Kayma
• Devrilme
• Taşıma kapasitesi
• Şev stabilitesi
• Plaxis

Investigation of cantilever retaining walls constructed in Turkey highways

Abstract

In this study, cantilever retaining walls constructed near the highways were investigated according to real project values. Twenty-eight retaining wall projects applied in the site at different regions of Turkey such as Central Anatolia, Marmara and Black Sea were considered. The value of surcharge load, depth of foundation, ground water level, surface slope of soil and wall height were chosen as variable parameters, although properties of base soil, granular backfill and natural soil were considered as constant parameters. Theoretical calculations of factor of safeties were completed against overturning, sliding and bearing capacity according to each case as well as two-dimensional finite element models were solved in Plaxis software to find the maximum horizontal deformations. Rankine active and passive earth pressure theories were used to make static analysis of cantilever walls. If the surcharge load, surface slope of soil, height of wall and ground water level increases, the stability conditions depending on factor of safeties decreases due to results. In addition, a deeper depth of foundation increases the factor of safeties against sliding and bearing capacity, while it does not affect the overturning behavior. The location of ground water stands out as a dominant parameter rather than other external factors. Therefore, the design height of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall is not proposed in which taller than 15m due to unsecure and uneconomical conditions, even if other criteria are met.

Keywords

• Cantilever retaining wall
• Sliding
• Overturning
• Bearing capacity
• Slope stability
• Plaxis

Kaynakça

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