Piroliz yoluyla biyoçar sentezi için hammadde olarak inek gübresi, tavuk gübresi ve arıtma çamurunun incelenmesi: Küçük Menderes Havzası-Türkiye için bir vaka çalışması

Öz

Tarımsal ve kentsel alanlardan kaynaklanan hayvan gübresi ve arıtma çamuru gibi atıkların doğrudan bertarafı olumsuz çevresel etkiler yaratmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Küçük Menderes Havzasında oluşan ve yıllık toplam üretimleri 6 milyon ton kuru maddeye ulaşan inek ve tavuk atıkları ile arıtma çamurundan biyoçar üretimi ele alınmış ve piroliz yoluyla sentezlenen biyoçarların özellikleri incelenmiştir. TGA-DTA sonuçlarına göre malzemelerde kütlesel kayıpların en fazla 200-500 °C aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir. FT-IR sonuçları incelendiğinde, hidroksil gruplarının O-H gerilmesinin ve alifatiklerin C-H gerilmesinin kaybolması, numunelerin pirolizinin başarılı olduğunu göstermektedir. BET analizlerine göre inek ve tavuk gübresinden 700 °C’de sentezlenen biyoçarlar en iyi BET yüzey alanı değerini verirken, arıtma çamurundan 500 °C’de üretilen biyoçar en yüksek BET yüzey alanı değerini vermiştir. Bu farklılık, arıtma çamurunun bünyesinde kalan, >500 °C’de ergiyen, yüksek inert içeriğe sahip arıtma kimyasalları ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. SEM sonuçları BET sonuçlarını destekler nitelikte olup, ergiyen inert içeriğin oluşan biyoçarı kısmen bünyesinde hapsettiği değerlendirilmiştir. İnek ve tavuk gübresi ile arıtma çamurundan biyoçar üretimi umut vadediyor olmakla birlikte daha ileri çalışmalar gerektirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• BET
• Biyoçar
• FT-IR
• Hayvan Gübresi
• SEM
• Arıtma çamuru

Investigation of cattle manure, poultry manure and sewage sludge as raw materials for biochar synthesis via pyrolysis: A case study for Küçük Menderes Basin-Türkiye

Abstract

Decomposition products from direct disposal of manure and sewage sludge have negative impacts on water resources, soil and atmosphere. Here, biochar synthesized from cattle and poultry manure and sewage sludge generated in the Küçük Menderes Basin (>6 million tons dw/year) by pyrolysis and the properties of the biochars were examined. TGA-DTA results showed that, the maximum weight losses realized in the range of 200-500 °C. The loss of O-H stretching of hydroxyl groups and C-H stretching of aliphatic CHx observed in the analysis of FT-IR results indicated the successful pyrolysis. Biochars synthesized from cattle and poultry manure at 700oC resulted in the largest BET surface areas (47.59 m2/g and 11.31 m2/g, respectively). The largest BET surface area for sewage sludge biochar was obtained at 500 °C (41.76 m2/g). This different result was found to be related to the melting of the high inert content of sewage sludge containing treatment chemicals at >500 °C. SEM results supported the BET results and it was evaluated that the melted inert structure of the sludge partially trapped the biochar formed. It was concluded that, not only the volatile content of the wastes, but also the ratio and structure of their inert content are effective in biochar quality.

Keywords

• BET
• Biochar
• FT-IR
• Manure
• SEM
• Sewage sludge

Kaynakça

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