İzmir’in toplu ulaşım sisteminin doğrusal programlama ve duyarlılık analizi aracılığıyla optimizasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışma, enerji tüketimi, seyahat süresi ve ulaşım ücreti perspektiflerinden toplu ulaşım problemlerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı İzmir örneğinde görülen benzer ulaşım sorunlarına yönelik güzergâh açısından karşılaştırılabilir olan tramvay ve otobüs sistemleri için en iyi çözümleri sunmaktır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma farklı ulaşım tipleri arasındaki bütünleşme konusuna dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntemler doğrusal programlama ve duyarlılık analizidir. Bu çalışma için hem tramvay hem de otobüs hattına sahip dokuz rota belirlenmiştir. Hangi ulaşım tipinin daha uygun veya kullanışlı olduğunu, bunların olumsuz ve olumlu sonuçlarının neler olduğunu ve hangisinin çevre dostu ve yolcu bütçesine dost olduğunu incelemek üzere aynı aktarma noktalarını paylaşan rotalar seçilmiştir. Doğrusal programlama Microsoft Excel® yazılımının bir uzantısı olan çözücü aracıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak, amaç fonksiyonları en küçük enerji tüketimi, en küçük rota uzunluğu ve en küçük yolcu ücreti olarak tanımlanmıştır. Elde edilen enerji tüketimi, hız ve yolcu hacmi verileri optimizasyonların kısıtlarıdır. Son olarak, bulgular duyarlılık analizi aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Hem yolcular hem ulaşım işletmecileri için otobüs ve tramvay seçenekli en iyi sonuçlar tespit edilmiştir. En uygun rotalar Fahrettin Altay-Alsancak, Fahrettin AltayHalkapınar, Mavişehir-Bostanlı ve Egekent-Bostanlı rotalarıdır. Bu çalışma, ulaşım maliyet matrisinin yanı sıra seyahat süresi matrisini kullanarak literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Böylece, bu araştırma sadece mali amaçlara değil, çevresel ve sosyal amaçlara da hizmet etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toplu ulaşım
• Yöneylem araştırması
• Doğrusal programlama
• Duyarlılık analizi
• Enerji tüketimi

Optimization of İzmir’s public transportation system by linear programming and sensitivity analysis

Abstract

This study will focus on public transportation problems in terms of energy consumption, excessive travel time, and fares. The study seeks the best solutions for such concerns in the Izmir case. It aims to optimize these subjects for the tramway and bus systems, which are comparable in terms of origin and destination points. This study, also, draws attention to the integration issue of the transportation modes. The methods employed in this study are linear programming and sensitivity analysis. For this study, nine routes, which have both tramway and bus lines, were determined. The routes sharing the same transfer points were taken to investigate which transportation type would be the most convenient or useful, what their drawbacks and positive outcomes would be, and which one would be environmentally friendly, with especially the lowest cost. For linear programming, the Solver tool of Microsoft Excel® software was utilized. Initially, the objective functions were identified as minimization of energy consumption, minimization of route length and minimization of passenger costs. The data about energy consumptions, speeds, and passenger volumes were collected are constraints of optimizations. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assessthe findings. The best solutions with bus and tram options were found for both passengers and operators. Optimal routes are Fahrettin Altay-Alsancak, Fahrettin Altay-Halkapınar, Mavişehir-Bostanlı and Egekent-Bostanlı. The study contributes to the literature using the time matrix besides to the transport cost matrix. Thus, this research serves not only for monetary aims but also for environmental and social aims.

Keywords

• Public transportation
• Operations research
• Linear programming
• Sensitivity analysis
• Energy consumption

Kaynakça

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