Assessing the use of BESS against PV-induced voltage increases on low voltage networks through local and centralized controllers

Abstract

The value of renewable energy systems has been increasing due to the current global climate change. Given the economic benefits to the end users and the incentives created for the uptake, householders have accelerated the use of this form of energy. Photovoltaic (PV) systems, an important part of renewable energy, assist the energy provision needed in households. In any residences, once the harvesting energy produced by the PV system is greater than the amount consumed in the household, the remaining energy is injected to the grid. While this situation provides economic benefit to the residential customer, it might cause voltage increases at the node which the residence is connected to. This factor might affect profitably utility companies and customers as a negative increase in voltage level. One of the possible solutions to this problem is to deploy battery energy storage systems (BESS) connected to the PV system in a household. In order to simulate this, a real BESS: Tesla Powerwall 2 was modeled in this study. Two different control methods (local and central) were investigated for the effective use of BESS against voltage increases. In addition, for each method, the energy capacity (kWh) and charge/discharge power (kW) of BESS were changed and the adverse effect of BESS on voltage increases was quantified. As a result, it is seen that central control is more effective in managing the voltage rise and compared to local control, it is more realistic in terms of utilization. Additionally, in both control methods, it is observed that when the BESS energy capacity (kWh) is increased or the BESS charge/discharge power (kW) is altered, the rise in voltage level is reduced. It is expected that these results will contribute to preventing and/or managing problems that may occur with PV systems in households.

Keywords

• Battery energy storage systems
• Low voltage networks
• PV systems
• Tesla powerwall

Alçak gerilim şebekelerinde PV kaynaklı gerilim artışlarına karşı BESS kullanımının yerel ve merkezi kontrolörler aracılığıyla değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Günümüzde yaşanan iklim krizi nedeniyle, yenilenebilir enerjinin önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Son kullanıcıya ekonomik faydaları ve alım için oluşturulan teşvikler nedeniyle, konutlar bu enerji türünün kullanımına ivme katmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerjinin önemli bir parçası olan fotovoltaik (PV) sistemler, konutlarda ihtiyaç duyulan enerji tedarikini desteklemektedir. Herhangi bir konutta, PV sistemin ürettiği enerji çıkışının konutta tüketilenden fazla olduğu zamanlarda, artan enerji şebeke tarafına doğru enjekte edilmiş olur. Bu durum konut müşterisine ekonomik yarar sağlarken, konutun bağlı bulunduğu düğüm noktasında gerilim artışlarına neden olur. Bu etken enerji dağıtım firmalarını ekonomik olarak avantajlı, müşterileri ise gerilim seviyesinde olumsuz artış olarak etkileyebilmektedir. Bu sorunun muhtemel çözümlerinden biri, PV sisteme bağlı batarya enerji depolama sistemleri (BEDS) kullanmaktır. Bu durumun simüle edilebilmesi için, bu çalışmada gerçek bir BEDS: Tesla Powerwall 2, modellenmiştir. BEDS’in gerilim artışına karşı etkin kullanımı için iki farklı kontrol yöntemi (lokal ve merkezi) analiz edilmiştir. Ek olarak her yöntem için, BEDS’in enerji kapasitesi (kWh) ve şarj/deşarj gücü (kW) değiştirilerek, BEDS’in gerilim artışları üzerine olan ters etkisi ölçümlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak merkezi kontrol’ün lokal kontrol’e göre gerilim seviyesini yönetmekte daha efektif ve uygulama açısından daha gerçekçi olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca her iki kontrol yönteminde de BEDS enerji kapasitesi (kWh) arttırıldığında veya BEDS şarj/deşarj gücü (kW) değiştirildiğinde, gerilim artışının daha az olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçların konutlardaki PV sistemler ile oluşacak sorunların oluşmasını engellemesine ve/veya yönetilmesine katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AG şebekeleri
• BEDS
• PV sistemler
• Tesla powerwal

Kaynakça

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