Water quality of Atasu Dam basin (Maçka-Trabzon)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 288 - 301, 29.04.2025

Fatma Gültekin , Esra Hatipoğlu Temizel

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the water quality in the Atasu Dam reservoir basin according to the parameters recommended in national and international standards. In accordance with this purpose, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved substance (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) parameters were measured in situ at two-month intervals from the branches feeding the dam lake and the dam lake. Main anions and cations, nutrient parameters (such as nitrate, nitrite), inorganic pollution, bacteriological parameters and trace metals were analyzed in the samples taken from the designated points. It has been determined that the pH value of the waters in the basin is between 6.60 and 8.78 and the EC value is between 42-134 S/cm. The DO value varies seasonally depending on the water temperature in the side branches. It varies between 8.11-9.36 mg/L in the dam lake. The waters in the basin are in the water class with Ca-HCO3 in terms of main anion cations. Nitrate values vary between 0.7-12.74 mg/L, and nitrite values vary between 0.01-0.07 mg/L. When the analysis results of the samples taken from the side branches and the mainstream in the Atasu Dam reservoir basin were evaluated according to the Water Pollution Control Regulation (2008), it was determined that the waters were of Class I Water Quality in terms of general conditions and oxygenation parameters (DO and COD). According to the NH4+value, one of the Nutrient Element Parameters, the waters outside the dam lake are class I, and the waters of the dam lake are class II in summer. class is water type. In terms of NO2-, NO3- and total phosphorus, it is in II. and III. class is water type. It was determined that trace elements were class I in terms of parameters other than Cu and Ni. Trace element concentrations vary between rainy and dry periods. These differences tend to decrease during the rainy season for many elements. Water quality is rated as excellent at every point in the basin, with water quality (WQI) values between 95.45 and 96.56.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Water Quality , Trace element , Atasu Dam hasin , Trabzon

Atasu Barajı havzasının (Maçka-Trabzon) su kalitesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Atasu baraj gölü havzasında ulusal ve uluslararası standartlarda önerilen parametrelere göre su kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca uygun olarak baraj gölünü besleyen kollardan ve baraj gölünden iki ay aralıklarla pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), toplam çözünmüş madde miktarı (TDS) ve çözünmüş oksijen (DO) parametreleri yerinde ölçülmüştür. Belirlenen noktalardan alınan örneklerde ana anyon ve katyonlar, besin elementleri parametreleri (nitrat, nitrit gibi), inorganik kirlenme ve bakteriyolojik parametreler ile iz metaller analiz edilmiştir. Havzadaki suların pH değerinin 6.60-8.78, EC değerinin 42-134 S/cm arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. DO değeri yan kollarda su sıcaklığına bağlı olarak mevsimsel değişiklik gösterir. Baraj gölünde 8.11-9.36 mg/L arasında değişir. Havzadaki sular ana anyon katyonları bakımından Ca-HCO3’lı su sınıfındadır. Nitrat değerleri 0.7-12.74 mg/L arasında, nitrit değerleri ise 0.01-0.07 mg/L arasında değişir. Atasu Baraj Gölü havzasında yan kollardan ve ana akarsudan alınan örneklerin analiz sonuçları Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği (2008)’e göre değerlendirildiğinde suların genel şartlar ve oksijenlendirme parametreleri (DO ve KOİ) açısından I. Sınıf Su Kalitesinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Besin Elementleri Parametrelerinden NH4+ değerine göre Baraj gölü dışındaki sular I. sınıf, Baraj gölü yaz mevsiminde II. sınıf su tipindedir. NO2-, NO3- ve toplam fosfor açısından ise II. ve III. sınıf su tipindedir. İz elementlerden Cu ve Ni dışındaki parametreler açısından I. sınıf olduğu belirlenmiştir. İz element konsantrasyonları yağışlı ve kurak dönemde farklılık göstermektedir. Bu farklılıklar birçok elementte yağışlı dönemde azalma eğilimindedir. 95.45 - 96.56 arasında su kalitesi (WQI) değerlerine sahip havzanın her noktasında su kalitesi mükemmel olarak derecelendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Su kalitesi , İz element , Atasu Barajı havzası , Trabzon

Kaynakça

• [1] Magesh NS, Krishnakumar S, Chandrasekar N, Soundranayagam JP. “Groundwater quality assessment using WQI and GIS techniques, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India”. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6, 4179-4189. 2013.
• [2] Uddin MG, Moniruzzaman M, Quader MA, Hasan MA. “Spatial variability in the distribution of trace metals in groundwater around the Rooppur nuclear power plant in Ishwardi, Bangladesh”. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 7, 220-231, 2018.
• [3] Lobato TC, Hauser-Davis RA, Oliveira TF, Silveira AM, Silva HAN, Tavares MRM, Saraiva ACF. “Construction of a novel water quality index and quality indicator for reservoir water quality evaluation: A case study in the Amazon region”. Journal of Hydrology, 522, 674-683, 2015.
• [4] Rainbow PS. “Biomonitoring of heavy metal availability in the marine environment”. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 31(4-12),183-192, 1995.
• [5] Sanchez E, Colmenarejo MF, Vicente J, Rubio A, García MG, Travieso L, Borja R. “Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution”. Ecological Indicator, 7, 315-328, 2007.
• [6] Uslu O, Türkman A. Su Kirliliği ve Kontrolü, Birinci Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye, T.C. Başbakanlık Çevre Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları Eğitim Dizisi, 1987.
• [7] Almeida C, Gonzalez SO. Mallea M, Gonzalez P. “A recreational water quality index using chemical, physical and microbiological parameters”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 19, 3400-3411, 2012.
• [8] Sedeño-Diaz JE, Lopez-Lopez E. “Water quality in the rio lerma, mexico: an overview of the last quarter of the Twentieth Century”, Water Resources Management, 21 (10), 1797-1812, 2007.
• [9] Jindal R, Sharma C. “Studies on water quality of Sutlej River around Ludhiana with reference to physicochemical parameters”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 174, 417-425, 2011.
• [10] Venkatesharaju K, Ravikumar P, Somashekar RK, Prakash KL. “Physico chemical and Bacteriological Investigation on the river Cauvery of Kollegal Stretch in Karnataka”. Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 6(1), 50-59, 2010.
• [11] Uddin MG, Nash S, Olbert AI. “A review of water quality index models and their use for assessing surface water quality”. Ecological Indicators, 122, 107218, 2021.
• [12] Sharifi M. Assessment of surface Water Quality by an index system in Anzali basin. The Hydrological Basis for Water Resources Management, Editors: Shamir U, Jiaqi C. Proceedings of the Beijing Symposium, 163-171, Wallingford, Oxfordshire England, IAHS Publications No. 197, 1990.
• [13] Abbasi SA. “Water Quality Indices”. State of the Art Report, National Institute of Hydrology, Scientific Contribution No. INCOH/SAR-25/2002, Roorkee: INCOH, 73, 2002.
• [14] Lumb AA, Halliwell D, Sharma T. “Application of CCME water quality index to monitor water quality: A case of the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 113, 411-429. 2006.
• [15] Kannel PR, Lee S, Lee YS. Kanel SR, Khan SP. “Application of water quality indices and dissolved oxygen as indicators for river water classification and urban impact assessment”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 132, 93-110, 2007.
• [16] Khan AA, Paterson R, Khan H. “Modification and Application of the CCME WQI for the Communication of Drinking Water Quality Data in Newfoundland and Labrador” Presented at 38th, Central Symposium on Water Quality Research, Canadian Association on Water Quality, Burlington, Canada, 10-11 February 2003.
• [17] Sargaonkar A, Deshpande V. “Development of an overall ındex of pollution for surface water based on a general classification scheme in ındian context”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 89, 43-67, 2003.
• [18] Shuhaimi-Othman M, Lim EC, Mushrifah I. “Water quality changes in chini Lake, Pahang, West Malaysia”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 131, 279-292, 2007.
• [19] Ramakrishnaiah CR, Sadashivaiah C, Ranganna G. “Assessment of water quality ındex for the groundwater in tumkur taluk, karnataka state, India”. Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 523-530, 2009.
• [20] Mustapha A, Aris AZ. “Application of water quality index method in water quality assessment”. Elixir Pollution, 33, 2264-2267, 2011.
• [21] Akkoyunlu A. Akiner ME. “Pollution evaluation in streams using water quality ındices: a case study from turkey's sapanca lake basin”. Ecological Indicators, 18, 501-511, 2012.
• [22] Effendi H, Romanto-Wardiatno Y. “Water quality status of ciambulawung river, banten province, based on pollution ındex and NSF-WQI”. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 24, 228-237, 2015.
• [23] Şener Ş, Şener E, Davraz A. “Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey)”. Science of the Total Environment, 584-585, 131-144, 2017.
• [24] Tunç Dede Ö, Sezer M. “Aksu çayı su kalitesinin belirlenmesinde Kanada su kalitesi indeks (CWQI) modelinin uygulanması”. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 32(3), 909-917, 2017.
• [25] Ates N, Dadaser-Celik F, Kaplan-Bekaroğlu ŞŞ, Ergin B. “Kayseri'de içme suyu kalitesinin mekânsal ve zamansal değişimi”. International Agriculture, Environment and Health Congress, Aydın, Türkiye, 26-28 October 2018.
• [26] Bilgin A. “Evaluation of surface water quality by using Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) method and discriminant analysis method: a case study Coruh River Basin”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190, 554, 2018.
• [27] Sukmawati NMH, Rusni NW. “Assessment of water quality ındex of beratan lake using NSF WQI indicator”. Warmadewa Medical Journal, 4(2), 39-43, 2019.
• [28] Zaoui L. “Assessment of water quality bounamoussa river in el tarf region using water quality index (Algeria)”. International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal, 4(6), 299-302, 2020.
• [29] Hui T, Xiujuan L, Qifa S, Qiang L, Zhuang K, Yan G. “Evaluation of drinking water quality using the water quality ındex (WQI), the synthetic pollution ındex (SPI) and geospatial tools in lianhuashan district, China”. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(1), 141-153. 2021.
• [30] Akyıldız Y. Galyan Havzası Akarsularının Bazı Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye, 2004.
• [31] Bulut VN. Trabzon (Maçka) Kalyan Akarsuyunun Su Kalitesinin Araştırılması ve Modellenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye, 2005.
• [32] Uzun H. Trabzon İli Akarsularının Su Kalite Düzeylerinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye, 2006.
• [33] Gültekin F, Fırat Ersoy A, Hatipoğlu E, Celep S. “Trabzon İli akarsularının yağışlı dönem su kalitesi parametrelerinin belirlenmesi”. Ekoloji, 21(82), 77-88, 2012.
• [34] T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. “Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği”. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/%C4% B0ZLEME%2002.01.2023/Yer%C3%BCst%C3%BC%20s u%20kalitesi%20y%C3%B6netmeli%C4%9Fi.pdf (20.09.2023).
• [35] Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Sular - İnsanî Tüketim Amaçlı Sular”. Ankara, Türkiye, TS 266, 2005.
• [36] World Health Organization. “Guidelines for DrinkingWater Quality”. Third Edition, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008.
• [37] Thornthwaite CW. “An approach toward a rational classification of climate”. Geographical Review, 38, 55-94, 1948.
• [38] Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Su Kalitesi-Numune Alma Bölüm 3: Su numunelerinin korunması ve elleçlenmesi”. Ankara, Türkiye, TS EN ISO 5667-3, 2018.
• [39] Haseen K, Amir AK, Sarah H. “The Canadian water quality index: A tool for water resource management”. MTERM International Conference, Ait, Thailand, 06-10 June 2005.
• [40] Horton RK. “An index number system for rating water quality”. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 37(3), 300-306, 1965.
• [41] Brown RM, McClelland NI, Deininger RA, Tozer RG. “A Water Quality Index Do We Dare”. Water Sewage Works, 117(10), 339-343, 1970.
• [42] Hebert S. “Développement d’un indice de qualité bactériologique et physico-chimique pour les rivières du Québec”. Québec, Ministere De L’environnement et De La Faune, Direction Des Ecosystemes Aquatiques, Envirodoc No EN/970102, 20, 1997.
• [43] Canadian Water Quality Index 1.0. “User’s Manual. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life”. Winnipeg, Canada, 2005.
• [44] Ağar Ü. Demirözü ve Köse Bölgesinin Jeolojisi. Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye, 1977.
• [45] Pelin S. Alucra (Giresun) Güneydoğu Yöresinin Petrol Olanakları Bakımından Jeolojik İncelenmesi, 1. Baskı, Trabzon, Türkiye, K.T.Ü. Yayınları, 1977.
• [46] Güven İH. “Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin 1/250000 Ölçekli Jeolojik ve Metalojenik Haritası”. MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye, 1993.
• [47] Güven İH. “1/100000 Ölçekli Açınsama Nitelikli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları”. MTA Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara, Türkiye, Trabzon-C29 ve D29 Paftaları. 1998.
• [48] International Association of Hydrogeologists. Map of mineral and thermal water of Europe. Scale 1:500,000. International Association of Hydrogeologists, United Kingdom, 1979.
• [49] Şahinci A. Doğal Suların Jeokimyası. 1. Baskı, İzmir, Türkiye, Reform Matbaası, 1991.
• [50] Chery L, Bourbier J. "Le Phosphore Dans Les Eaux Souterraines de France". Etat des connaissances. Année 1. Rapport BRGM/RP, France, 40857, 2000.
• [51] Hem JD. Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water. Third Edition, USA, US Geological Survey, United States Government Printing Office, 1985.
• [52] Freeze RA, Cherry JA. Groundwater, 1 ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J, USA, Prentice-Hall, 1979.
• [53] Akgiray Ö. İçme suyu ve su arıtımı. Suyumuzun Geleceği ve Türkiye Su Politikaları. Editörler: Şen Z, Sırdaş S. 22 Mart Dünya Su Günü Paneli, 62-75, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2003.
• [54] Çobanoğlu Z. Genel Çevre Sağlığı Bilgisi. 1. Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye, Hatiboğlu Yayınları,1995.
• [55] Alloway BJ, Ayres DC. Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution. London, England, Blackie Academic and Profesional an imprint of Chapman and Hall, 1997.
• [56] Callender E. Heavy Metals in the Environment-Historical Trends, Editor: BS. Lollar, Environmental Geochemistry, Treatise on Geochemistry, 67-105, Oxford, England, Elsevier-Pergamon, 2003.
• [57] Bilici Başkan M, Pala A. “İçme Sularında Arsenik Kirliliği: Ülkemiz Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 69-79, 2009.