Structural and non-structural measures to mitigate the impact of climate change on civil engineering structures: A review

Abstract

This paper deals with some structural and non-structural measures that should be taken for civil engineering structures to be adaptable to climate change. Various measures to be taken to mitigate the impact of climate change in different civil engineering implements are presented from a broad perspective. The service life of existing structures is shortened by increasing temperature differences due to climate change, changing precipitation regimes, and rising sea levels. In addition, climate change will complicate the planning, design, calculation, and implementation stages of new structures for engineers in the long term. The aim of this study is to present measures to adapt infrastructure and superstructures to the effects of climate change. In the study, mitigation measures against factors such as changing climate parameters, floods, overflows, rising sea levels, and CO2 reduction measures in construction activities are explained for existing or new buildings. In addition, the role of civil engineers in reducing the effects of climate change is also discussed in the study. Additionally, this study explains how civil engineers can guide decision makers in strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a result, when different literature studies are examined, measures such as the use of waste materials in the production of construction materials, constructing drainage systems, using longterm precipitation forecasts, elevating infrastructure and structures, reanalyzing the dimensions of the bearing elements of the structures, building barrier systems, reorganizing existing water and marine structures, updating design standards, and preparing risk maps in river and coastal areas have been identified. In addition, it is understood that civil engineers have an important role in determining adaptation strategies against climate change in coastal areas and cities.

Keywords

• Climate change
• Adaptation measures
• Design
• Structures
• Flood and overflood
• Rising sea level

İnşaat mühendisliği yapıları üzerinde iklim değişikliğinin etkisini hafifletmek için yapısal ve yapısal olmayan önlemler: Bir inceleme

Öz

Bu makale, inşaat mühendisliği yapılarının iklim değişikliğine karşı uyumlu olması için alınması gereken yapısal ve yapısal olmayan önlemler ile ilgilidir. Farklı inşaat mühendisliği uygulamalarında iklim değişikliğinin etkisinin hafifletilmesi için alınması gereken çeşitli önlemler geniş bir bakış açısı ile sunulmuştur. Mevcut yapıların hizmet ömrünü iklim değişikliği sebebiyle artan sıcaklık farkı, değişen yağış rejimi ve artan deniz seviyesi kısaltmaktadır. Ayrıca, iklim değişikliği uzun dönemde yeni yapıların planlama, tasarım, hesaplama ve uygulama aşamalarını mühendisler açısından zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, altyapı ve üst yapıların iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine karşı uyum sağlanmasına yönelik önlemleri ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, mevcut veya yeni yapıların değişen iklim parametreleri, sel, taşkın, yükselen deniz seviyesine karşı hafifletici önlemler ile inşaat faaliyetlerinde CO2 miktarı azaltma önlemleri belirtilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra çalışmada, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin azaltılmasında inşaat mühendislerinin rolü de tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada inşaat mühendislerinin iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini azaltma stratejileri konusunda karar vericilere nasıl rehberlik edebileceği açıklanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak farklı literatür çalışmaları incelendiğinde, atık malzemelerin kullanılması, drenaj sistemlerinin inşa edilmesi, uzun süreli yağış tahminlerinin kullanılması, altyapı/üstyapıların yükseltilmesi, taşıyıcı sistemlerin boyutlarının yeniden analiz edilmesi, bariyer sistemlerinin inşa edilmesi, mevcut su ve deniz yapılarının yeniden düzenlenmesi, tasarım standartlarının güncellenmesi, nehir ve kıyı bölgelerinde risk haritalarının hazırlanması gibi önlemler öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca, kıyı bölgelerinde ve kentlerde iklim değişikliğine karşı uyum stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde inşaat mühendislerinin önemli bir rolünün olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim değişikliği
• Uyum önlemleri
• Tasarım
• Yapılar
• Sel ve taşkın
• Yükselen deniz seviyesi

Kaynakça

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