Strength and fatigue properties of Erdemir 1314 quality galvanized steel sheet metal and Al 5052-H32 alloy sheet metal joints

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 4, 536 - 545, 25.08.2025

Ahmet Çetkin , Yılmaz Baydemir

Öz

In this study, metallurgically incompatible Erdemir 1314 grade galvanised steel and Al 5052 H32 alloy sheet metal plates used in the automotive industry were connected at a single point by three different joining methods, and the strength and fatigue behaviour of the plate joints were investigated. Tensile tests were applied to sheet metal materials consisting of Erdemir 1314 grade galvanised steel and Al 5052 H32 alloy in accordance with TSE EN ISO 6892-1 Standard to determine the mechanical properties. The proportional structure of the material distribution in the weld zone was determined by line EDX analyses on the samples joined by OES and electric resistance welding methods. The maximum separation forces of the joined specimens were obtained according to TS EN ISO 14273 shear test standard and fatigue tests were carried out with these three different sheet metal joining methods in accordance with TSE EN ISO 14324 Standard. It has been determined that the joints made with the spot welding method, which is one of the electric resistance welding methods, have higher separation strength and less rigid connection form than the other joining methods, while the Self-Piercing Riveting technique has superior fatigue life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resistance spot welding , Clinching , Self-piercing riveting , Sheet metal joining methods , Fatigue limit

Erdemir 1314 kalite galvanize çelik sac levha ile Al 5052-H32 alaşımı sac levha bağlantılarının dayanım ve yorulma özellikleri

Öz

Bu araştırmada, otomotiv sanayinde kullanılan ve birbiriyle metalürjik uyumsuz Erdemir 1314 kalite galvanize çelik ile Al 5052 H32 alaşımı sac levhalar, üç farklı birleştirme metoduyla tek noktadan bağlanmış, levha bağlantılarının dayanımı ve yorulma davranışları araştırılmıştır. Erdemir 1314 kalite galvanize çelik ile Al 5052 H32 alaşımından oluşan sac metal malzemelere, mekanik özellikleri belirlemek amacıyla TSE EN ISO 6892-1 Standardına göre çekme testi uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan saclara OES ve elektrikli direnç kaynağı metodu ile birleştirilen numuneler üzerinde çizgi EDX analizleri ile kaynak bölgesindeki malzeme dağılımlarının oransal yapısı belirlenmiştir. TS EN ISO 14273 kesme deneyi standardına göre birleştirilmiş numunelerin maksimum ayrılma kuvvetleri elde edilmiş ve bu üç farklı sac levha birleştirme metodu ile TSE EN ISO 14324 Standardına uygun olarak yorulma testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elektrikli direnç kaynağı metotlarından biri olan nokta kaynağı metodu ile yapılan birleştirmelerin diğer bağlantı metotlarına göre daha yüksek ayrılma dayanıma ve az rijit bir bağlantı formuna sahip Kendisi Delen Perçinleme tekniğinin ise yorulma ömrü açısından daha üstün özelliklere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrik direnç kaynağı , Form punta , Kendiliğinden delen perçinleme , Sac levha birleştirme metotları , Yorulma sınırı

Kaynakça

• [1] Başer TA. “Alüminyum alaşımları ve otomobil endüstrisinde kullanımı”. Mühendis ve Makina, 53, 51-58, 2012.
• [2] Akdı S, Demirpolat H. “Farklı malzemelerden üretilen otomotiv parçalarının teknik ve ekonomik karşılaştırılması”. The Internatinonal Conference on Materials Science, Mechanical and Automotive Engineerings and Technology, Kapadokya, Türkiye, 21-23 Haziran 2019.
• [3] Fulong L, Wei C, Chengjiang D, Jinlong G, Xiaotao Z, Yutao M, Limin D. “Research advances in fatigue behaviour of clinched joints”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 127, 1-21, 2023.
• [4] Mori K, Abe Y, Kato T, “Mechanism of superiority of fatigue strength for aluminium alloy sheets joined by mechanical clinching and self-pierce riveting”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212, 1900-1905, 2012.
• [5] Kang SH, Kim HK. “Fatigue strength evaluation of self-piercing riveted Al-5052 joints under different specimen configurations”. International Journal of Fatigue, 80, 58-68, 2015.
• [6] Woo A, Resistance Spot Weld Fatigue Life Prediction Method Compatibility With Self-Piercing Rivets. The University of Waterloo, M.Sc. Thesis, Waterloo Ontario, 2022.
• [7] Abe Y, Kato T, Mori K, Nishino S, “Mechanical clinching of ultra-high strength steel sheets and strength of joints”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214, 2112–2118, 2014.
• [8] Zhao L, He X, Xing B, Lu Y, Gu F, Ball A. “Influence of sheet thickness on fatigue behavior and fretting of self-piercing riveted joints in aluminum alloy 5052”. Materials and Design, 87, 1010-1017, 2015.
• [9] Spitsen R, Kim D, Flinn B, Ramulu M, Easterbrook ET. “The effects of post-weld cold working processes on the fatigue strength of low carbon steel resistance spot welds”. Asme Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 127, 718-723, 2005.
• [10] Daneshpour S, Riekehr S, Koçak M, Gerritsen CHJ. “Mechanical and fatigue behaviour of laser and resistance spot welds in advanced high strength steels”. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 14, 20-25, 2009.
• [11] Uematsu Y, Tokaji K. “Comparison of fatigue behaviour between resistance spot and friction stir spot welded aluminium alloy sheets”. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 14, 62-71, 2009.
• [12] Duric A, Milcic D, Burzic Z, Klobcar D, Milcic M, Markovic M, Krstic V. “Microstructure and fatigue properties of resistance element welded joints of DP500 steel and AW 5754 H22 aluminum alloy”. Crystals, 12, 1-15, 2022.
• [13] Zhou ZJ, Huang ZC, Jiang YQ, Tang NL. “Joining properties of SPFC440/AA5052 multi-material self-piercing riveting joints”. Materials, 15, 2-17, 2022.
• [14] Sakaguchi M, Kurokawa Y, Nakamura F, Hashimura T. “Fatigue strength of steel–aluminum alloy dissimilar lap joints fabricated by dimple spot welding for automotive application”. Fatigue Fracture Engineering and Material Structures, 47(3), 939-951, 2024.
• [15] Uematsu Y, Ozeki Y, Toasa C. “Tensile-shear properties of steel-Al adhesively bonded dissimilar joints and the effect of Al plate thickness”. Scientific Reports, 13, 19819, 2023.
• [16] Zhang Y, Jiang J, Wang T, Lei B, Xu C, Liao C, Peng J. “Fatigue behaviour and life prediction of self-piercing riveted joints in DP590/AA5754 dissimilar sheets”. Thin-Walled Structures, 200, 111971, 2024.
• [17] Chong X, Dengfeng W, Dewen K, Shuang W, Changqing D, “Material structure process performance integrated optimization method of steel/aluminum self-piercing riveted joint”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 132, 2045–2059, 2024.
• [18] Çetkin A. “The clinching joints strength performance of EN 10346: 2015 DX52D+Z sheets”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 217-228, 2021.
• [19] Kaya H. Form punta (Clinching) Yöntemiyle Birleştirilmiş İnce Sac Levhaların Mekanik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye, 2012.
• [20] Turan M. Perçinsiz sac bağlantılarının mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye, 2019.
• [21] TOX®Pressotechnik, LLC. “Form Punta Uygulama Metodları”. https://tr.tox-pressotechnik.com/applications/clinching /sheet-metal-clinching-shapes/sheet-metal-clinching-shapes/ (27.09.2023).
• [22] TWI Ltd. “Kendiliğinden Delen Perçinleme Nedir Ve Nasıl Çalışır?”. https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/faq-what-is-self-piercing-riveting-and-how-does-it-work, (27.09.2023).
• [23] Silva EL, Höche D, Bouali AC, Serdechnova M, Sesenes RL, Scholz CS, “Digital modelling of the galvanic corrosion behaviour of a self–piercing riveted AZ31-AA5083 hybrid joint”. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 48, 529-545, 2017.
• [24] Çetkin A. “Otomotiv endüstrisinde kullanılan galvanizli çelik-alüminyum sac form punta bağlantılarının mekanik özelliklerinin araştırılması”. Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 7, 25-38, 2010.
• [25] Jiang T, Liu ZX, Wang PC. “Quality inspection of clinched joints of steel and aluminum”. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 76, 1393-1402, 2015.
• [26] Mori K. Assessing the suitability of materials for self- piercing riveting (SPR). Editors: Chrysanthou A, Xin X. Self-Piercing Riveting, 111-123, Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2014.
• [27] Heidrich D, Zhang F, Fang X. “Fatigue strength of rivet resistance spot welding technique in comparison with self-piercing riveting for multi-material body-in-white structure”. Journal of Material Engineering and Perform, 30, 3806–3821, 2021.
• [28] Marwah SF, Ahmed A, Ibtihal AM. “Investigating spot weld fatigue failure with experimental and finite element analysis methods”. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 8(2), 311-326, 2024.
• [29] Zhao H, Han L, Liu Y, Liu X. “Experimental and numerical investigations on the impact of surface conditions on self-piercing riveted joint quality”. Coatings, 13, 858, 2023.
• [30] Xu F, Wang H, Gao M, Liu H, Xu L. “Connection of difficult-to-form sheets by clinching process: A review”. Materials Science and Technology, 38(10), 622-644, 2022.
• [31] Gupta S, Ganesh NR, Das S, Asati B. “Joining of dissimilar galvanized steel sheets by resistance spot welding and self-piercing riveting”. Advances in Additive Manufacturing and Metal Joining, 24, 381–393, 2023.
• [32] Huang ZC, Zhang YC, Jiang YQ, “Forming qualities and mechanical properties of AA5052 aluminum alloy self-piercing riveted joints connected by tubular and semi-tubular rivets”. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09497-1.
• [33] TWI Ltd, “Perçinleme ve kendinden delen perçinleme, sac malzemelerin nokta kaynağı ile karşılaştırıldığında nasıldır?”, https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/faq-how-do-clinching-and-self-piercing-riveting-compare-with-spot-welding-for-sheet-materials (09.07.2024).