Santrifüj üretim ve çözeltiden üfleme yöntemleri ile PVDF tabanlı hava filtresi üretimi ve karakterizasyonu üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışmada, santrifüj üretim (CS) ve çözeltiden üfleme (SB) yöntemleri ile PVDF liflerinin üretimi ve karşılaştırmalı karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. CS yöntemiyle üretilen örneklerde daha pürüzsüz, kalın ve düzgün liflerden oluşan kusursuz yüzeyler elde edilirken, SB yöntemiyle ince ve kıvrımlı lifler ve yoğun lif demeti içeren yüzeyler elde edilmiştir. Ortalama lif çapları CS yöntemiyle üretilen lifler için 0.827 ± 0.365 μm, SB yöntemiyle elde edilen lifler içinse 0.356 ± 0.168 μm olarak ölçülmüştür. Her iki üretim yönteminde de elde edilen PVDF liflerinin büyük oranda β ve az miktarda α fazında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı miktarda çözelti kullanılarak yapılan üretimlerde benzer kalınlıkta lifli yüzeyler elde edilirken, CS örneğinde yüzeylerin gramajı yaklaşık yarı oranda az olmuştur. İnce lifler ve kalın lif demetleri barındıran SB örneği daha kompakt yapıya sahiptir. Bu nedenle aynı kalınlıklardaki örneklerin filtrasyon verimleri SB için daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Aynı gramajdaki yüzeylerinse benzer hava filtrasyon verimi gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, her iki yöntemin de PVDF liflerinin üretimine uygun olduğunu, CS yöntemiyle daha kalın fakat kusursuz lif üretiminin sağlandığını, üretim yöntemlerinin lif kristal yapısında önemli bir değişim oluşturmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca lif çapının, morfolojisinin ve yüzey gramajının filtrasyon performansını önemli ölçüde etkilediği görülmüştür. SB yüzeyinin daha kompakt yapısı yüksek filtrasyon verimi sağlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PVDF
• Santrifuj üretim
• Çözeltiden üfleme
• Nanolif
• Hava filtrasyonu

A comparative study on the production and characterization of PVDF-based air filters by centrifugal spinning and solution blowing methods

Abstract

In this study, PVDF fibers were produced using centrifugal spinning (CS) and solution blowing (SB) methods, and their comparative characterization has been carried out. While defect-free mats composed of smoother, thicker and more uniform fibers were obtained with the CS method, mats containing fine and crimped fibers and highly entangled fiber bundles were produced with the SB method. The average fiber diameters were measured as 0.827 ± 0.365 μm for fibers produced by CS and 0.356 ± 0.168 μm for those obtained by SB. It was determined that the PVDF fibers produced by both methods predominantly exhibited the β-phase with a small amount of the α-phase. In the production where the same amount of solution was used, fiber mats of similar thickness were obtained, while the basis weight of the mats produced by the CS method was approximately half that of the SB samples. The SB samples, containing both thin fibers and thick fiber bundles, exhibited a more compact structure. Therefore, the filtration efficiency of the samples with the same thickness was higher for SB. However, mats with the same basis weight showed similar filtration efficiency. These results indicate that both methods are suitable to produce PVDF fibers. The CS method enables the production of thicker but defect-free fibers, and the production methods do not significantly affect the fiber's crystalline structure. Additionally, fiber diameter, morphology, and basis weight of the mats significantly influence filtration performance. The compact structure of the fibrous mat from SB resulted in a higher filtration efficiency.

Keywords

• PVDF
• Centrifugal spinning
• Solution blowing
• Nanofiber
• Air filtration.

Kaynakça

1. [1] ASHRAE. “Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size”. https://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/standards/ashrae-52-2-2017?product_id=1942059 (20.09. 2024).
2. [2] Cecala AB, Organiscak JA, Noll JD, Zimmer JA. “Comparison of MERV 16 and HEPA filters for cab filtration of underground mining equipment”. Mining Engineering, 68, 50-58, 2016.
3. [3] Toptas A, Calisir M, Kilic A. “Optimization of electro-blown PVDF nanofibrous mats for air filter applications”. El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, 11, 199-206, 2024.
4. [4] Tetik GD, Jumageldiyeva E, Tayyar AE. “Production of nanofiber textile surfaces with β-arbutin via electrospinning method”. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 27(7), 788-793, 2021.
5. [5] Ikiz Y. “Effect of process parameters on morphology of electrospun PVA nanofibers”. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 15(3), 363-369, 2009.
6. [6] Stojanovska E, Canbay E, Serife Pampal E, Calisir MD, Agma O, Polat Y, Simsek R, Gundogdu SNA, Akgul Y, Kilic A. “A review on non-electro nanofibre spinning techniques”. RSC Advances, 6, 83783-83801, 2016.
7. [7] Eticha A, Toptas A, Akgul Y, Kilic A. “Electrically assisted solution blow spinning of PVDF/TPU nanofibrous mats for air filtration applications”. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 47, 47-53, 2023.
8. [8] Liu ZL, Zhang W. “Electrospun PVDF nanofibrous membranes effectively capturing PM2.5 and releasing negative ions”. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 409, 012010, 2018.

9. [9] Bui TT, Shin MK, Jee SY, Long DX, Hong J, Kim M-G. “Ferroelectric PVDF nanofiber membrane for high-efficiency PM0.3 air filtration with low air flow resistance”. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 640, 128418, 2022.
10. [10] Nakashima R, Watanabe K, Lee Y, Kim BS, Kim IS. “Mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofiber filaments prepared by electrospinning and twisting”. Advances in Polymer Technology, 32, E44-52, 2013.
11. [11] Toptas A, Calisir MD, Gungor M, Kilic A. “Enhancing filtration performance of submicron particle filter media through bimodal structural design”. Polymer Engineering & Science, 64(2), 901-912, 2024.
12. [12] Toptas A, Calisir MD, Kilic A. “Production of ultrafine PVDF nanofiber-/nanonet-based air filters via the electroblowing technique by employing PEG as a pore-forming agent”. ACS Omega, 8, 38557-38565, 2023.
13. [13] Cai X, Lei T, Sun D, Lin L. “A critical analysis of the α, β and γ phases in poly(vinylidene fluoride) using FTIR”. RSC Advances, 7, 15382-15389, 2017.
14. [14] Tepekiran BN, Calisir MD, Polat Y, Akgul Y, Kilic A. “Centrifugally spun silica (SiO2) nanofibers for high-temperature air filtration”. Aerosol Science and Technology, 53, 921-932, 2019.
15. [15] Polat Y, Pampal ES, Stojanovska E, Simsek R, Hassanin A, Kilic A, Demir A, Safak Y. “Solution blowing of thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers: A facile method to produce flexible porous materials”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(9), 43025, 2016.
16. [16] Gungor M, Calisir MD, Kilic A. “Solution-Blown PA6- and PVDF-Based nanofibrous composite mats for aerosol filtration”. Fibers and Polymers, 24, 1603-1612, 2023.
17. [17] Ruan L, Yao X, Chang Y, Zhou L, Qin G, Zhang X. “Properties and applications of the β phase poly(vinylidene fluoride)”. Polymers (Basel), 10, 228, 2018.