Impact of titanate coated magnetite nanoparticles on the properties of rigid polyurethane foams

Öz

Closed cell polyurethane-based materials represent more than 23% of all polyurethane manufacturing. Unlike to the use of closed cell polyurethane foams in a large variety of applications, these materials exhibit some drawbacks. Their limited mechanical strength and their limited thermal constancy hindering their usage in some areas can be given as examples. In the purpose to overcome and enhance the weaknesses of rigid polyurethane foams and at the same time enlarge the utilization areas of these materials, numerous studies were realized in the literature. The utilization of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in various fields, including magnetic resonance, has gained significant attention in recent years. These additives can improve at the same time the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams. Nevertheless, the development of new methods concerning the surface modification of the nanoparticles is important. The improvement of the interfacial interactions at the polyurethane-filler interface was largely investigated with various agents such as silica, surfactants and precursor metals in the literature. However, the use of a titanate-based coupling agent was not yet researched. In this work, a surface coating of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a titanate-based coupling agent (Ti-Fe3O4) was realized to produce Fe3O4 filled rigid polyurethane foam nanocomposites at different filler ratios. Microstructural, mechanical, thermal and electrical conductivity properties of all foam nanocomposites were characterized. The FTIR spectra exhibited only the presence of physical interactions. In addition, an increase of the crystallinity ratio with the increase of the filler content was observed. Concerning the electrical and thermal conductivity results, a noticeable improvement was detected from the pure rigid polyurethane foam to the 50 wt.% Ti-Fe3O4 filled nanocomposite. From the mechanical test results, a higher performance was observed for the rigid polyurethane foam nanocomposite produced at 12.5 wt.%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polymer Composite
• Rigid Polyurethane Foam
• Magnetite
• Titanate Coupling Agent

Titanat kaplı manyetit nanopartiküllerin sert poliüretan köpüklerin özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi

Öz

Kapalı hücreli poliüretan bazlı malzemeler, tüm poliüretan üretiminin %23'ünden fazlasını temsil etmektedir. Kapalı hücreli poliüretan köpüklerin çok çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılmasının aksine, bu malzemeler bazı dezavantajlar sergiler. Sınırlı mekanik dayanımları ve bazı alanlarda kullanımlarını engelleyen sınırlı termal dayanıklılıkları örnek olarak verilebilir. Sert poliüretan köpüklerin zayıf yönlerinin giderilmesi, geliştirilmesi ve aynı zamanda bu malzemelerin kullanım alanlarının genişletilmesi amacıyla literatürde çok sayıda çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son yıllarda, manyetik rezonans da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli alanlarda Fe₃O₄ nanopartiküllerinin kullanımı önemli ölçüde dikkat çekmiştir. Bu katkı maddeleri aynı zamanda poliüretan köpüklerin termal ve mekanik özelliklerini de geliştirebilir. Bununla birlikte nanopartiküllerin yüzey modifikasyonuna ilişkin yeni yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Poliüretan-katkı arayüzündeki arayüz etkileşimlerinin iyileştirilmesi literatürde silika, yüzey aktif maddeler ve prekürsör metaller gibi çeşitli ajanlarla büyük ölçüde araştırılmıştır. Ancak, titanat bazlı bir bağlayıcı ajanının kullanımı henüz araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, farklı katkı oranlarında Fe3O4 katkılı sert poliüretan köpük nanokompozitleri üretmek için Fe3O4 nanopartiküllerinin titanat bazlı bir bağlayıcı ajan ile yüzey kaplaması (Ti-Fe3O4) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm köpük nanokompozitlerin mikroyapısal, mekanik, termal ve elektriksel iletkenlik özellikleri karakterize edilmiştir. FTIR spektrumları yalnızca fiziksel etkileşimlerin varlığını göstermiştir. Ek olarak, katkı oranının artmasıyla kristalleşme oranında da bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Elektriksel ve termal iletkenlik sonuçlarına ilişkin olarak, saf rijit poliüretan köpüğünden ağırlıkça %50 Ti-Fe3O4 katkılı nanokompozite göre gözle görülür bir iyileşme tespit edilmiştir. Mekanik test sonuçlarından ağırlıkça %12.5 oranında üretilen rijit poliüretan köpük nanokompozitinin daha yüksek performans gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polimer Kompozit
• Sert Poliüretan Köpük
• Manyetit
• Titanat Bağlayıcı Ajan

Kaynakça

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