Assessment of current implementation levels of apparent loss management components with current status evaluation system

Abstract

Water demand and difficulty in accessing clean water resources increase the importance of effective and sustainable management of water losses in utilities. Regular measurement of data, analysis of effective factors and efficiency of methods and tools are quite important for sustainable management of losses. The aim of this study is to develop a current status assessment system for analyzing the data quality and monitoring the current implementation levels of apparent loss management components. The system consists of 45 components under main headings of the technical, operation and maintenance, commercial and economic based on literature and field experience. A scoring system is proposed to evaluate these components between 0 and 5 (quite good, good, insufficient, poor and quite poor). The system is tested with using field data in three utilities. The data quality and current status of apparent loss management practices in utility II (generally good) is better than other utility I (insufficient) and III (poor). The components that need improvement within the scope of apparent loss management are defined in utilities based the scoring results. This system provides the opportunity to question in detail the quality, measurement frequency and accuracy of the data used in the apparent loss management in utilities. However, the main problem experienced in the implementation of this system is the lack of sufficient report, data and records for apparent loss prevention, reduction and detection methods in utilities. This assessment system will help more realistic data for apparent loss management in the utility and to allow the field implementations more accurately.

Keywords

• Apparent losses
• Apparent loss management practices
• Current status analysis
• Data quality assessment
• Scoring structure

Mevcut durum değerlendirme sistemi ile idari kayip yönetimi bileşenlerinin mevcut uygulama düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Su talebi ve temiz su kaynaklarına erişim zorluğu, kamu hizmetlerinde su kayıplarının etkili ve sürdürülebilir yönetiminin önemini artırmaktadır. Verilerin düzenli ölçümü, etkili faktörlerin analizi ve yöntem ve araçların verimliliği, kayıpların sürdürülebilir yönetimi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, veri kalitesini analiz etmek ve idari kayıp yönetimi bileşenlerinin mevcut uygulama düzeylerini izlemek için güncel bir durum değerlendirme sistemi geliştirmektir. Sistem, literatür ve saha deneyimlerine dayalı olarak teknik, işletme ve bakım, ticari ve ekonomik ana başlıkları altında 45 bileşenden oluşmaktadır. Bu bileşenleri 0 ile 5 (oldukça iyi, iyi, yetersiz, zayıf ve oldukça zayıf) arasında değerlendirmek için bir puanlama sistemi önerilmektedir. Sistem, üç kamu hizmetinde saha verileri kullanılarak test edilmiştir. İdare II'deki (genellikle iyi) görünür kayıp yönetimi uygulamalarının veri kalitesi ve güncel durumu, diğer İdare I (yetersiz) ve III'ten (zayıf) daha iyidir. İdari kayıp yönetimi kapsamında iyileştirilmesi gereken bileşenler, puanlama sonuçlarına göre su idarelerinde tanımlanmaktadır. Bu sistem, su idarelerinde idari kayıp yönetiminde kullanılan verilerin kalitesini, ölçüm sıklığını ve doğruluğunu ayrıntılı olarak sorgulama olanağı sağlamaktadır. Ancak bu sistemin uygulanmasında yaşanan temel sorun, su idarelerinde görünür kayıp önleme, azaltma ve tespit yöntemleri için yeterli rapor, veri ve kayıtların bulunmamasıdır. Bu değerlendirme sistemi su idarelerinde idari kayıp yönetimi için daha gerçekçi veriler elde edilmesine ve saha uygulamalarının daha doğru yapılmasına yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İdari kayıplar
• İdari kayıp yönetimi uygulamaları
• Mevcut durum analizi
• Veri kalitesi değerlendirmesi
• Puanlama yapısı

Kaynakça

1. [1] Ncube M, Taigbenu AE. “Assessment of apparent losses due to meter inaccuracy using an alternative, validated methodology". Water Supply, 19(4), 1212–1220, 2019.
2. [2] Pearson D. Standard Definitions for Water Losses: A Compendium of Terms and Acronyms and Their Associated Definition in Common Use in the Field of Water Loss Management. London, UK, IWA Publishing, 2019.
3. [3] Şişman E, Kızıöz B. “Trend-risk model for predicting non-revenue water: An application in Turkey,” Utility Policy, 67, 101137, 2020.
4. [4] Yilmaz S, Firat M, Ateş A. “Analysis of network useful life and cost-benefits for sustainable water management”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 42(1), 130–140, 2024.
5. [5] Mutikanga HE, Sharma SK, Vairavamoorthy K. “Assessment of apparent losses in urban water systems”. Water Environment Journal, 25(3), 327-335, 2011.
6. [6] Mutikanga HE, Sharma SK, Vairavamoorthy K. “Methods and tools for managing losses in water distribution systems”. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 139(2), 166-174, 2013.
7. [7] Fontanazza CM, Notaro V, Puleo V, Freni G. “The apparent losses due to metering errors: a proactive approach to predict losses and schedule maintenance”. Urban Water Journal, 12(3), 229–239, 2015.
8. [8] See KF, Ma Z. “Does non-revenue water affect Malaysia’s water services industry productivity?”. Utility Policy, 54(2016), 125–131, 2018.

9. [9] Moahloli A. “Domestic water meter optimal replacement period to minimize water revenue loss”. Water SA, 45(2), 165–173, 2019.
10. [10] Horbatuck KH, Beruvides MG. “Water Infrastructure System Leakage Analysis: Evaluation of Factors Impacting System Performance and Opportunity Cost”. Water, 16(8), 1080, 2024.
11. [11] Seago CJ, Mckenzie RS, Liemberger R. “International Benchmarking of Leakage from Water Reticulation Systems”. IWA Leakage 2005 Conference", Halifax. Canada, 2005.
12. [12] Liemberger R, Wyatt A. “Quantifying the global non-revenue water problem”. Water Supply, 19(3), 831–837, 2019.
13. [13] Albaina I, Bidaguren I, Izquierdo U, Esteban GA. “Impact of valves on reading errors in domestic ultrasonic water meters”. Engineering Research Express, 7(1), 0155, 2025.
14. [14] Criminisi A, Fontanazza CM, Freni G, La Loggia G. “Evaluation of the apparent losses caused by water meter under-registration in intermittent water supply”. Water Science Technology, 60(9), 2373-2382, 2009.
15. [15] Arregui F, Cabrera E, Cobacho R, García-Serra J. “Reducing Apparent Losses Caused By Meters Inaccuracies”. Water Practice & Technology, 1(4), wpt2006093, 2006.
16. [16] Mesquita AM, Ruiz RM. “A financial economic model for urban water pricing in Brazil”. Urban Water Journal, 10(2), 85-96, 2013.
17. [17] Alvisi S, Luciani C, Franchini M. “Using water consumption smart metering for water loss assessment in a DMA : a case study a case study,” Urban Water Journal, 16(1), 77–83, 2019.
18. [18] Firat M, Yilmaz S, Ateş A, Özdemir Ö. “Determination of Economic Leakage Level with Optimization Algorithm in Water Distribution Systems". Water Economics and Policy, 7(03), 2150014, 2021.
19. [19] Akdeniz T. “A case study on integrated management of water losses in Antalya , Turkey”. Water Practice & Technology, 17(10), 2023–2030, 2023.
20. [20] Negese AS, Kebede HH. “Performance evaluation of water supply distribution system : a case study of Muke Turi town , Oromia region , Ethiopia”. Water Practice & Technology, 18(10), 2211–2222, 2023.
21. [21] Karadirek İE. “How does ageing of customer water meters effect the accuracy ?”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 41(2), 408–414, 2023.
22. [22] Fontanazza, C. M., Notaro, V., Puleo, V. and Freni, G. “The apparent losses due to metering errors: a proactive approach to predict losses and schedule maintenance”. Urban Water Journal, 12(3), 229-239, 2015.
23. [23] Arregui FJ, Gavara FJ, Soriano J, Pastor-Jabaloyes L. “Performance analysis of ageing single-jet water meters for measuring residential water consumption”. Water (Switzerland), 10(5), 2018.
24. [24] Lai, C. H., Tan, D. T., Roy, R., Chan, N. W. and Zakaria, N. A. “Systems thinking approach for analysing non-revenue water management reform in Malaysia". Water Policy, 22(2), 237-251, 2020.
25. [25] AL-Washali T, Sharma S, Lupoja R, AL-Nozaily N, Haidera M, Kennedy M. “Assessment of water losses in distribution networks: Methods, applications, uncertainties, and implications in intermittent supply”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 152, 104515, 2020.
26. [26] Mendoza AA, Benavides-Muñoz H. “Evaluation of domestic water measurement error: a case study”. AQUA—Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 70(2), 217–225, 2021.
27. [27] Cordeiro C, Borges A, Ramos MR. “Case Study A Strategy to Assess Water Meter Performance,” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 148(1), 1–11, 2022.
28. [28] Chandaeng S, Sawangjang B, Kazama S. “Analysis of the factors in fl uencing the fl uctuation of non-revenue water in Luangprabang and Satoshi Takizawa”. AQUA—Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 73(3), 453–463, 2024.
29. [29] Li K, Gao J, Wu W, Qi S, Cao H, Qiu W, Zhu X. "Metering error assessment model considering multiple factors". Engineering Proceedings, 69(1), 47, 2024.
30. [30] Bozkurt C, Firat M, Ateş A. “Development of a new comprehensive framework for the evaluation of leak management components and practices”. AQUA—Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 71(5), 642–663, 2022.
31. [31] Firat M, Bozkurt C, Ateş A, Yilmaz S, Özdemir Ö. “Development and Implementation of a Novel Assessment System for Water Utilities in Strategic Water Loss Management". Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 14(1), 04022065, 2022.
32. [32] Bozkurt C, Fırat M, Ateş A. “Su kayıp yönetiminde kullanılan temel verilerin mevcut uygulama düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi için model geliştirilmesi,” Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilim. Dergisi, 29(4), 377–383, 2023.