The critical role of simulation and modeling in fire evacuation: An examination of research trends

Abstract

Fire evacuation planning is crucial in high-risk environments like high-rise buildings and underground facilities. Ensuring proper safety measures is vital for minimizing risks and ensuring occupant safety. Simulation models have become essential tools for evaluating and optimizing evacuation processes. They enable scenario testing, helping identify potential risks and develop effective evacuation plans. Additionally, simulation models provide a low-cost, time-efficient, and risk-free experimental environment, making realistic scenario testing possible without real-world dangers. This study systematically reviewed 75 research articles published over the last 15 years to analyze fire evacuation research trends. A bibliometric analysis using the electronic database was conducted, examining publication trends by year, category, and country. The analysis revealed that research is dominated by modern technologies for evacuation training, such as virtual simulations and agent-based models, which reduce costs and minimize operational disruptions compared to traditional evacuation drills. Following this analysis, the study identified that research trends are primarily focused on high-rise buildings and underground facilities, where evacuation is challenging due to structural complexity and high occupant density. This study highlights the role of modern technologies in fire evacuation and offers insights for improving safety measures and evacuation protocols in complex structures. The findings aim to guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers in enhancing fire safety and emergency preparedness.

Keywords

• Fire evacuation
• Simulation
• Modeling
• High-rise building
• Underground facilities

Yangın tahliyesinde simülasyon ve modellemenin kritirik rolü: Araştırma trendlerinin incelenmesi

Öz

Yangın tahliye planlaması, yüksek katlı binalar ve yer altı tesisleri gibi yüksek riskli ortamlarda kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu tür yapılarda doğru güvenlik önlemlerinin uygulanması, riskleri en aza indirmek ve bina sakinlerinin güvenliğini sağlamak açısından hayati önemdedir. Simülasyon modelleri, tahliye süreçlerini değerlendirmek ve optimize etmek için vazgeçilmez araçlar haline gelmiştir. Bu modeller, farklı senaryoların test edilmesine olanak tanıyarak potansiyel risklerin belirlenmesine ve etkili tahliye planlarının geliştirilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Ayrıca, simülasyon modelleri düşük maliyetli, zaman açısından verimli ve risksiz bir deneysel ortam sunarak gerçek tehlikeler olmadan gerçekçi senaryo testlerinin yapılmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, son 15 yılda yayınlanmış 75 bilimsel makale sistematik olarak incelenerek yangın tahliyesine yönelik araştırma eğilimleri analiz edilmiştir. Elektronik veri tabanı kullanılarak yapılan bibliyometrik analizde literatür, yayın yılı, kategori ve ülke bazında değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, literatürün büyük ölçüde sanal simülasyonlar ve ajan tabanlı modeller gibi modern teknolojilerle yürütülen tahliye eğitimi araştırmaları tarafından domine edildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu teknolojiler, geleneksel tahliye tatbikatlarına kıyasla maliyetleri düşürmekte ve operasyonel kesintileri en aza indirmektedir. Yapılan bu analiz doğrultusunda, araştırma eğilimlerinin büyük ölçüde yüksek katlı binalar ve yer altı tesislerine odaklandığı belirlenmiştir; bu tür ortamlarda tahliye, yapısal karmaşıklık ve yüksek nüfus yoğunluğu nedeniyle zorlu bir süreçtir. Bu çalışma, yangın tahliyesinde modern teknolojilerin önemini vurgulamakta ve karmaşık yapılar için daha etkili güvenlik önlemleri ile tahliye protokollerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bulgular, yangın güvenliği ve acil durum hazırlıklarının iyileştirilmesi için araştırmacılara, mühendisler ile politika yapıcılara rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yangın tahliyesi
• Simülasyon
• Modelleme
• Yüksek binalar
• Yeraltı tesisleri

Kaynakça

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