Bir üniversite binasındaki uçucu organik bileşiklerin düzeyleri, kaynakları ve sağlık riskleri

Öz

Bu çalışma kapsamında bir üniversite binasındaki seçili 21 farklı mekândan (4 dış ortam, 2 derslik, 3 ofis, 4 koridor ve 8 laboratuvar) pasif örnekleme tüpleri kullanılarak uçucu organik bileşik (UOB) örnekleri toplanmış ve toplanan örneklerdeki UOBlerin konsantrasyonları, kaynakları ve potansiyel sağlık riskleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, 27.02-03.03.2017 ve 08-12.05.2017 tarihlerinde olmak üzere iki farklı örnekleme döneminde gerçekleştirilmiş ve toplamda 52 adet numune analiz edilmiştir.  Yaz mevsiminde hekzan %64.71 ile en fazla bulunan bileşik olurken, hekzanı 2,4-dimetilpentan (%12.93), tolüen (%4.85), siklohekzan (%2.42) takip etmiştir. Yaz mevsimine benzer şekilde hekzan %32.74 ile kışın en fazla bulunan organik bileşik olmuştur. Hekzanı 2,4-dimetilpentan (%19.53), siklohekzan (%8.39) ve benzen (%7.35) takip etmiştir. Çalışmada, yaz aylarındaki toplam UOB konsantrasyonunun kış aylarına kıyasla yaklaşık iki kat daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Mevsimsel faktörler ve kaynaklardaki değişimin kirletici konsantrasyonları üzerinde etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ortalama İç mekân/Dış ortam (İ/D) oranı baz alındığında ise laboratuvarların iç mekânlar için önemli bir kaynak olduğu görülmektedir. Yapılan kaynak belirleme çalışması sonucunda ise UOB'lerin olası kaynaklarını temsil eden beş faktör belirlenmiştir. En önemli kaynağın (toplam varyansın %28.4’ni açıklayan) laboratuvarlarda kullanılan çözücüler olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu çalışmada binayı kullanan insan grupları için risk analizi yapılmış ve laboratuvarların entegre ofis olarak kullanılması durumunda araştırma görevlisi ve lisansüstü öğrenciler için kanserojenik risklerin tolere edilebilir limitten (1E-06) sırasıyla 12 ve 1.2 kat daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar, iç hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi için etkili havalandırma stratejilerinin uygulanması ve UOB kaynaklarının kontrolüne yönelik acil müdahalelerin gerekliliğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• UOB
• Faktör Analizi
• Kanser Riski
• Solvent
• İç mekan

Levels, sources, and health risks of volatile organic compounds in a university building

Öz

In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected from 21 different selected locations (4 outdoor, 2 classrooms, 3 offices, 4 corridors, and 8 laboratories) in a university building using passive sampling tubes and the concentrations, sources and potential health risks of VOCs in the collected samples were investigated. The study was conducted during two different sampling periods, 27.02-03.03.2017 and 08-12.05.2017, and 52 samples were analyzed. In summer, hexane was the most abundant compound with 64.71%, followed by 2,4-dimethylpentane (12.93%), toluene (4.85%), and cyclohexane (2.42%). Similar to summer, hexane was the most abundant organic compound in winter with 32.74%. Hexane was followed by 2,4-dimethylpentane (19.53%), cyclohexane (8.39%), and benzene (7.35%). In the study, it was observed that the total concentration of VOCs in the summer months was about twice as high as in the winter months. Seasonal factors and variation in sources were found to be effective on pollutant concentrations. Based on the average Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratio, laboratories are an important source for indoor areas. As a result of the source identification study, five factors that cause the formation of VOCs were identified. The most important source (explaining 28.4% of the total variance) was found to be solvents used in laboratories. The study also conducted a risk analysis for the groups of people using the building and found that the carcinogenic risks were 12 and 1.2 times higher than the tolerable limit (5.7-6.8×E-06) for the research assistants and graduate students when laboratories were used as integrated offices. These results indicate the necessity of implementing effective ventilation strategies to improve indoor air quality and urgent interventions for the control of VOC sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• VOC
• Factor Analysis
• Cancer Risk
• Solvent
• Indoor

Kaynakça

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