Spatial distribution and risk assessment of potential environmentally hazardous elements in coal: a case study of the Central Anatolia coalfields

Öz

A wide range of environmental risks may arise during coal mining. At the same time, it is possible that during the transportation and extraction of coal, locals and especially the workers working in the mining area may be harmed, depending on their proximity to agricultural lands and settlement centers. Revealing the spatial distribution of potentially hazardous elements in coal (Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Th, Tl, U, V, Zn) is an important step for identifying potential environmental health risks. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and Remote Sensing techniques, the objective of this study is to identify and compare the spatial risk assessment of the elements in the Ilgın (Konya) and Karapınar (Konya) lignite areas. The surroundings of the mining sites were classified into 7 classes (crops, rangeland, bare ground, water, built area, flooded vegetation, trees) using SENTINEL-2 satellite data with a 10 m spatial resolution and CORINE LULC data. Subsequently, mapping and buffer zone analyses were conducted using the GIS. The land use land cover classification revealed that both mining sites were highly distributed in agricultural lands (Karapınar: 155.32 km2, Ilgın: 178.45 km2) and rangeland (Karapınar: 140.4 km2, Ilgın: 40.72 km2). Geochemical results showed that Ni concentrations exceeded the limit values in the Karapınar lignites, while As concentrations exceeded the limit values in the Ilgın lignites. Based on these results, it was concluded that the Ni concentration in agricultural lands and rangelands around the Karapınar site, and the As concentration in agricultural lands and rangelands around the Ilgın site, should be monitored periodically.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• LULC
• Sentinel-2
• CORINE
• Lignite

Kömürdeki çevreye zararlı olabilecek elementlerin mekânsal dağılımı ve risk değerlendirmesi: Orta Anadolu kömür sahaları için örnek bir çalışma

Öz

Kömür madenciliği faaliyetleri sırasında çok çeşitli çevresel risk unsurları ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda kömürün çıkarılması ve taşınması sırasında maden sahasında çalışan işçiler başta olmak üzere tarım arazileri ve yerleşim merkezlerine yakınlık düzeyine göre bölge halkı olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Kömürdeki çevreye zararlı olabilecek elementlerin (Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Th, Tl, U, V, Zn) mekansal dağılımlarını ortaya koymak, çevre sağlığı açısından potansiyel risklerin belirlenmesi için önemli bir adımdır. Bu çalışmada Uzaktan Algılama yöntemleri ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) araçları ile Ilgın (Konya) ve Karapınar (Konya) linyit sahalarındaki elementlerin mekansal risk değerlendirilmesinin tespit edilmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Maden sahalarının çevresi 10 m mekansal çözünürlüğe sahip SENTINEL-2 uydusu ile CORINE LULC verileri kullanılarak 7 sınıfa (tarım arazileri, mera, çıplak arazi, su, yapılaşmış alanlar, sulu bitki örtüsü, ağaçlık alanlar) ayrılmıştır. Ardından CBS ile haritalama ve tampon bölge analizleri yapılmıştır. Arazi Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü ile tespit edilen sınıflamada her iki maden sahasının da tarım arazilerinde (Karapınar: 155.32 km2; Ilgın: 178.45 km2) ve mera alanlarında (Karapınar: 140.4 km2; Ilgın: 40.72 km2) yüksek dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Jeokimyasal bulgular ile Karapınar linyitlerinde Ni, Ilgın linyitlerinde ise As konsantrasyonları sınır değerlerin oldukça üzerinde sonuçlar vermiştir. Elde edilen bu bulgular ile tarım arazileri ve mera alanlarında, Karapınar sahasında Ni, Ilgın sahasında As konsantrasyonlarının belirli aralıklarla kontrol edilmesi gerekebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• LULC
• Sentinel-2
• CORINE
• Linyit

Kaynakça

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