Araştırma Makalesi

Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors

Sayı: Advanced Online Publication Erken Görünüm Tarihi: 2 Kasım 2026
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Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors

Öz

Context—In today’s competitive business environment, increasing sustainability concerns and environmental awareness have encouraged companies to adopt closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) structures. CLSCs involve not only the forward flow of products from suppliers to consumers but also the reverse flow, including the collection, recovery, recycling, and disposal of returned products. However, the reintegration of returned products into the supply chain increases network complexity, especially under dynamic market conditions. Therefore, effective management of forward and reverse supply chain processes is essential. In this context, the appropriate use of push and pull strategies and the correct positioning of the push–pull boundary constitute an important decision problem that directly affects supply chain performance.

Objective—The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different push–pull boundary positions on the performance of a CLSC. Specifically, the study aims to determine which service provider should be selected as the push–pull boundary to improve key performance indicators, including total profit, inventory holding cost, penalty cost, sales profit, and delivery lead time.

Method—In this study, a simulation-based approach was employed to model the CLSC structure. Eight different simulation models were developed, each representing a different push–pull boundary position at various service providers within the supply chain network. To systematically analyze the factors affecting model performance, the Taguchi experimental design method was used. This method enabled the determination of appropriate factor levels and the evaluation of different push–pull configurations under controlled experimental conditions.

Results—The results show that the performance of the CLSC varies depending on the location of the push–pull boundary. Positioning the push–pull boundary between the supplier and the recycling facility maximizes average total profit. A pure pull strategy provides the lowest inventory holding cost. Locating the boundary at the distribution center leads to better performance in terms of penalty cost and sales profit. In addition, placing the push–pull boundary at the wholesaler reduces the average delivery lead time.

Conclusion—The findings indicate that the position of the push–pull boundary plays a critical role in CLSC performance. Since different boundary locations improve different performance measures, managers should determine the push–pull strategy according to their primary operational objectives. The study provides useful insights for designing more effective and sustainable CLSCs. Future studies may extend this approach by considering uncertainty, multiple product types, stochastic demand, or real-world case applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. K. Mathiyazhagan, S. Rajak, S. Sampurna Panigrahi, V. Agarwal, D. Manani, “Reverse supply chain management in manufacturing industry: a systematic review”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 70(4), 859–892, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2019-0293.
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Üretim ve Hizmet Sistemleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

2 Kasım 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

-

Gönderilme Tarihi

27 Mayıs 2026

Kabul Tarihi

27 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: Advanced Online Publication

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yiyit Yılmaz, İ. N., & Görkemli Aykut, L. (2026). Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.1959429
AMA
1.Yiyit Yılmaz İN, Görkemli Aykut L. Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.65206/pajes.1959429
Chicago
Yiyit Yılmaz, İpek Nur, ve Latife Görkemli Aykut. 2026. “Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.1959429.
EndNote
Yiyit Yılmaz İN, Görkemli Aykut L (01 Kasım 2026) Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Advanced Online Publication
IEEE
[1]İ. N. Yiyit Yılmaz ve L. Görkemli Aykut, “Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Kas. 2026, doi: 10.65206/pajes.1959429.
ISNAD
Yiyit Yılmaz, İpek Nur - Görkemli Aykut, Latife. “Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (01 Kasım 2026). https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.1959429.
JAMA
1.Yiyit Yılmaz İN, Görkemli Aykut L. Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026. doi:10.65206/pajes.1959429.
MLA
Yiyit Yılmaz, İpek Nur, ve Latife Görkemli Aykut. “Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Kasım 2026, doi:10.65206/pajes.1959429.
Vancouver
1.İpek Nur Yiyit Yılmaz, Latife Görkemli Aykut. Selection of push/pull boundary in closed-loop supply chains and performance evaluation under dynamic factors. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Kasım 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.65206/pajes.1959429