Investigating DC microgrids based on centralized protection: A case study of BTS

Öz

This research presents an innovative protection strategy tailored for centralized DC microgrids specifically designed for base transceiver stations (BTS). The method leverages the similarity in the rate of current change measured simultaneously at both ends of a line segment to detect internal faults effectively. The approach addresses key challenges in microgrid protection including the detection of high-resistance faults, distinguishing between permanent and transient fault conditions, and safeguarding critical components such as loads, photovoltaic arrays, and batteries. It also considers the resilience of the system in the event of failures in line sensors and circuit breakers. Unlike conventional protection schemes that depend heavily on both voltage and current measurements, the proposed system offers a cost-efficient alternative. It operates with a single centralized intelligent electronic device (IED) overseeing the entire microgrid, complemented by only one current sensor installed at each end of every line segment. This streamlined configuration simplifies hardware requirements without compromising detection accuracy. The reliability and effectiveness of the protection mechanism have been rigorously validated through comprehensive simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink. The tests encompassed both internal faults within the microgrid and external fault scenarios, demonstrating robust performance under various operational conditions. This work contributes to advancing protection schemes for DC microgrids, which are increasingly pivotal for sustainable and efficient energy management in telecommunication infrastructure. It aligns with contemporary trends and challenges in microgrid protection, emphasizing economical design and dependable fault management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Central protection
• Cosine similarity index (CSI)
• DC microgrid
• High resistance
• BTS

Merkezi korumaya dayalı DC mikro şebekelerin incelenmesi: Bir BTS durum çalışması

Öz

Bu araştırma, özellikle baz istasyonu verici/alıcıları (BTS) için tasarlanmış merkezi DC mikro şebekelere yönelik yenilikçi bir koruma stratejisi sunmaktadır. Yöntem, bir hat kesitinin her iki ucunda aynı anda ölçülen akım değişim oranındaki benzerlikten yararlanarak dahili arızaların etkin bir şekilde tespit edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Yaklaşım, mikro şebeke korumasındaki temel zorluklara çözüm getirmektedir; bunlar arasında yüksek dirençli arızaların tespiti, kalıcı ve geçici arıza durumlarının ayırt edilmesi, yükler, fotovoltaik diziler ve bataryalar gibi kritik bileşenlerin korunması yer almaktadır. Ayrıca hat sensörleri ve devre kesicilerde meydana gelebilecek arızalar karşısında sistemin dayanıklılığını da dikkate almaktadır. Geleneksel koruma yöntemlerinin hem gerilim hem de akım ölçümlerine yoğun biçimde bağımlı olmasının aksine, önerilen sistem maliyet açısından verimli bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Tüm mikro şebekeyi denetleyen tek bir merkezi akıllı elektronik cihaz (IED) ile çalışmakta, her hat kesitinin yalnızca iki ucuna birer akım sensörü yerleştirilmesi yeterli olmaktadır. Bu sadeleştirilmiş yapı, donanım gereksinimlerini basitleştirirken tespit doğruluğundan ödün vermemektedir. Koruma mekanizmasının güvenilirliği ve etkinliği MATLAB/Simulink ortamında gerçekleştirilen kapsamlı benzetimlerle titizlikle doğrulanmıştır. Testler hem mikro şebeke içindeki dahili arızaları hem de harici arıza senaryolarını kapsayarak çeşitli işletme koşullarında güçlü bir performans ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, telekomünikasyon altyapısında sürdürülebilir ve verimli enerji yönetimi için giderek daha kritik hale gelen DC mikro şebekeler için koruma şemalarının geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Çalışma, mikro şebeke korumasındaki güncel eğilimler ve zorluklarla uyumlu olup ekonomik tasarım ve güvenilir arıza yönetimini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Merkezi koruma
• Kosinüs benzerlik endeksi
• DC mikro şebeke
• Yüksek direnç
• BTS

Kaynakça

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