Hydrogen’s future in Türkiye: Storage, natural gas integration, and energy transition

Öz

Hydrogen stands out as a clean energy carrier that plays a critical role in the global energy transformation. Türkiye's increasing energy demand, dependence on fossil fuels, and carbon emission reduction targets place hydrogen technologies at the center of national energy policies. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the integration of hydrogen into energy systems could contribute to reducing global carbon emissions by up to 20%. This study comprehensively examines Türkiye's hydrogen potential, its integration with existing energy infrastructure, and hydrogen storage solutions. The study provides a detailed analysis of compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, solid-state storage, and underground storage technologies. Türkiye's existing geological structure was determined to be suitable for underground hydrogen storage, but infrastructure deficiencies were highlighted as a significant obstacle. Furthermore, factors such as technical challenges encountered in integrating hydrogen into natural gas networks, pipeline material compatibility, and the risk of hydrogen embrittlement were discussed. In addition, the potential for hydrogen's use in various sectors, such as industry, transportation, and energy production, has been explored. For example, the use of hydrogen in iron and steel production can reduce carbon emissions by up to 90% compared to traditional methods. It has been demonstrated that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can provide an alternative to fossil fuel vehicles in the transportation sector and can be economically advantageous in the long term. Finally, Türkiye's hydrogen roadmap proposes infrastructure investments, international collaborations, and technological innovations, identifying the necessary steps for the long-term integration of hydrogen into a sustainable energy system. This study demonstrates the role of hydrogen in achieving Türkiye's net-zero emissions targets and provides a comprehensive framework for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hydrogen
• Natural gas
• Market potential
• Sectoral use

Türkiye'de hidrojenin geleceği: Depolama, doğal gaz entegrasyonu ve enerji dönüşümü

Öz

Hidrojen, küresel enerji dönüşümünde kritik bir rol oynayan temiz bir enerji taşıyıcısı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye’nin enerji talebinin artması, fosil yakıtlara bağımlılığı ve karbon emisyonlarını azaltma hedefleri, hidrojen teknolojilerini ulusal enerji politikalarının merkezine yerleştirmektedir. Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı’na (IEA) göre, hidrojenin enerji sistemlerine entegrasyonu, küresel karbon emisyonlarının %20'ye kadar azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabilir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin hidrojen potansiyelini, mevcut enerji altyapısıyla entegrasyonunu ve hidrojen depolama çözümlerini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, sıkıştırılmış gaz, sıvı hidrojen, katı halde depolama ve yeraltı depolama teknolojileri detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye’nin mevcut jeolojik yapısının yeraltı hidrojen depolamaya uygun olduğu belirlenmiş, ancak altyapı eksikliklerinin önemli bir engel oluşturduğu vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca, hidrojenin doğal gaz şebekelerine entegre edilmesi sürecinde karşılaşılan teknik zorluklar, boru hatlarının malzeme uyumluluğu ve hidrojen embrittlement riski gibi faktörler ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte, hidrojenin sanayi, ulaşım ve enerji üretimi gibi çeşitli sektörlerde kullanım potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Örneğin, hidrojenin demir-çelik üretiminde kullanılması, geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla karbon salınımını %90’a kadar azaltabilmektedir. Hidrojen yakıt hücreli araçların ulaşım sektöründe fosil yakıtlı araçlara alternatif oluşturabileceği ve uzun vadede ekonomik olarak avantajlı hale gelebileceği gösterilmiştir. Son olarak, Türkiye’nin hidrojen yol haritası kapsamında altyapı yatırımları, uluslararası iş birlikleri ve teknolojik inovasyonlar önerilerek, hidrojenin uzun vadeli sürdürülebilir enerji sistemine entegrasyonu için gerekli adımlar belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, hidrojenin Türkiye’nin net sıfır emisyon hedeflerine ulaşmasındaki rolünü ortaya koymakta ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hidrojen
• Doğalgaz
• Pazar potansiyeli
• Sektörel kullanım

Kaynakça

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