Kiral kirleticiler ve çevresel önemi

Öz

Kiralite, canlı sistemlerden doğal ve sentetik organik maddelere kadar hayatımızın birçok alanında bulunmaktadır. En genel ifadeyle ayna görüntüsü kendisiyle çakışmayan maddeler olarak tanımlanan kiral moleküller, başta ilaç sanayi ve tıp olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Söz konusu maddelere ait ayna görüntülerinden her biri enantiyomer olarak adlandırılır ve kiral maddelere ait enantiyomerlerden biri kullanım amacına uygun hareket ederken diğeri veya her ikisi de çevresel ortamlarda kirliliğe ve canlılarda toksik etkiye neden olabilmektedir. Enantiyomerlerin yalnızca biyolojik değişime uğrama potansiyelleri farklılık göstermekte, bu özelliği sebebiyle kiral kirleticiler, güncel kirliliğin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla çevresel kirlilik araştırmalarına konu olmaktadır. Toprak, sediman, hava ve su ortamının yanı sıra canlılarda da, başta kromatografik yöntemler olmak üzere çeşitli metotlarla tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu derlemede, kiralite ve çevresel açıdan önem arz eden kiral bileşiklerin özellikleri, analiz yöntemleri ve çevredeki akıbetleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çeşitli avantajları nedeniyle endüstriyel uygulamalarda geniş yer bulan kiral bileşiklerden kullanım amacının dışında çevreye salınan bileşikler, biyolojik aktiviteleri nedeniyle çevresel izleme çalışmalarında önem arz etmektedir. Ülkemizde çevresel ortamlarda henüz araştırmalara konu olmaya başlayan kiral kirleticilerin akıbetinin değerlendirilmesi açısından enantiyoseçici davranışlarının anlaşılması önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enantiyomer,Farmasötik,Kalıcı organik kirleticiler,Kromatografi,Pestisit,Rasemik

Chiral pollutants and their significance in the environment

Abstract

Chirality exists in a wide range of objects in the universe from living creatures to natural or synthetic organic materials. As a common expression, any objects that are not superimposable on its mirror image are described as chiral molecules, and such materials are used in various fields including pharmaceutical industry and medicine. Each mirror image of chiral molecules are called enantiomer and while one of the enantiomers may be active and more toxic than the other in its application area and once they enter to the environmental compartments less-active enantiomer or both enantiomers can cause environmental pollution and toxicity on living organisms. Enantiomers show difference in biological degradation such that this property is used as a useful tool in environmental pollution assessment/research studies. In addition to the environmental compartments such as soil, sediment, air and water, they are also analyzed in living organisms by various methods including primarily the chromatographic methods. In this review, chirality and the properties, analysis methods and fate of the chiral chemicals which have significance in the environmental studies are presented. Due to various advantages, chiral chemicals are used in several industrial products and once they are released to the environment, they become environmentally concerned pollutants and play an important role in environmental monitoring studies due to their biological activities. In our country, although it is very limited, chiral pollutants have already became subject to monitoring studies, hence, understanding the enantioselective degradation of such chemicals in different environmental compartments is important to assess the fate of these chemicals.

Keywords

• Chromatography,Enantiomer,Persistent organic pollutants,Pesticide,Pharmaceutical,Racemic

Kaynakça

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