Geri dönüştürülmüş polietilenin tehlikeli atık yakma tesisi uçucu küllerinin depolanabilirliği üzerine etkisi: Yeni bir kompozit malzemeye doğru

Öz

Atık nihai depolama alanları; tehlikeli atıklar için 1. sınıf depolama alanları, tehlikesiz atıklar için 2. sınıf depolama alanları ve inert atıklar için 3. sınıf depolama alanları olmak üzere 3 genel kategori altında toplanabilir. Bununla birlikte, tehlikeli atık yakma tesisi uçucu külleri (HWI-FA) 1. sınıf depolama alanlarına bile kabul edilmeyen bir tehlike düzeyine sahiptirler. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; bu küllerin tehlike potansiyelini bir taşıyıcı malzeme kullanarak azaltmaktır. Bu amaçla seçilen taşıyıcı malzeme geri dönüştürülmüş polietilendir (r-PE). Bu seçimin temel gerekçesi r-PE'nin ucuz, inert, kolay bulunabilir ve işlenebilir bir malzeme oluşudur. Deneysel çalışmalarda 45 mikron altı ve 400 mikron altı olmak üzere iki farklı boyut dağılımında uçucu kül kullanılmıştır. Türkiye'nin ilk tehlikeli atık yakma tesisi olan İZAYDAŞ'dan elde edilen uçucu küllerin bu iki alt grubundan küller r-PE yapısına %15, 30 ve 45 gibi 3 farklı oranla ilave edilmiştir. Karışımların enjeksiyonu sonucu elde edilen kompozit örneklerinin (HWI-FA/r-PE) süzüntü, aşınma ve çekme dayanımı analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Süzüntü analizlerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre, 45 mikron altındaki partiküller için tüm HWI-FA/r-PE kompozitleri 2. sınıf bir depolama alanı için uygun olarak tespit edilmiştir. Benzer biçimde, 400 mikron altındaki dağılım için %45 karışım oranı dışındaki kompozitler 1. sınıf bir depolama için uygun olarak tespit edilmiştir. 45 mikron altı için, külden %15 oranında içeren kompozitte aşınma dayanımı saf r-PE'ye göre artmış, öte yandan kül oranı arttıkça bu dayanım düşmüştür. 400 mikron altı için ise artan kül oranı, aşınma dayanımını düşürmüştür. Aşınma için elde edilen bu bulgular çekme dayanımları için de benzer sonuçlar vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aşınma,Çekme dayanımı,Geri dönüştürülmüş polietilen,Tehlikeli atık,Uçucu kül,Süzüntü testi

Effect of recycled polyethylene on storability of hazardous waste incinerator fly ashes: Towards a new composite material

Abstract

Landfills can be classified into three general categories: Class1-type landfills for hazardous wastes, Class2-type landfills for non-hazardous wastes, and Class3-type landfills for inert wastes. Besides, hazard potential of hazardous waste incinerator fly ashes (HWI-FA) is high to be accepted for Class1-type landfills. The main aim of this study is to lower the hazard potential of HWI-FAs with the help of a matrix material. For this purpose recycled polyethylene (r-PE) was chosen as matrix material. Being cheap, inert, easy to find and ease of processing are main reasons of choosing r-PE. Two different fly ash sizes were used in the experimental studies, first group was under 45 µm, second group was under 400 µm. Different amounts (15, 30 and 45 wt.-%) of HWI-FA obtained from the first hazardous waste incinerator of Turkey, IZAYDAS, were added to the matrix material. Composite specimens were produced in an injection molder. Standard leaching, wear and tensile tests were applied to the specimens. According to the findings, for particle size under 45 mm all HWI-FA/r-PE mixtures found to be suitable for Class2-type landfills. Similarly HWI-FA with particle size under 400 mm was suitable for Class1-type landfills except wt.-45% mixing ratio. Addition of HWI-FA (-45 µm) to r-PE first increases wear resistance of the material but increased ash content causes a decrease in the wear resistance of the PE. The increased size of ash particulates (-400 µm) effects wear resistance of the composite negatively. Similar results were also obtained for tensile tests.

Keywords

• Fly ash,Hazardous waste,Leaching test,Recycled polyethylene,Wear,Tensile strength

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