Otobüs ağlarındaki sefer sıklıklarının armoni araştırması algoritması ile optimizasyonu: Mandl test ağı üzerine bir uygulama

Öz

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kentiçi toplu taşıma sistemleri arasında en yaygın tür olan otobüs taşımacılığının verimliliğini arttırmaya yönelik çalışmalar son yıllarda artmaktadır. Otobüs sitemlerinin performansının ele alındığı birçok çalışmada, kullanıcı ve işletmeci faydalarını eniyileyen yaklaşımlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kentiçi otobüs ağlarındaki sefer sıklıklarını eniyileyen iki-seviyeli bir simülasyon/optimizasyon modeli geliştirilmektedir. Üst seviyede, işletmeci ve kullanıcı maliyetlerini temsil eden bir amaç fonksiyonunun çözümü için sezgisel Armoni Araştırması (AA) optimizasyon tekniği tabanlı bir model önerilmektedir. Alt seviyede ise talebin toplu taşıma ağına dağılımını temsil eden toplu taşıma ataması problemi çözülmektedir. Önerilen modelde, aktarma bekleme sürelerinin kesin hesabı için zaman çizelgesi tabanlı toplu taşıma ataması yaklaşımı kullanılmakta ve toplu taşıma ataması problemi logit tabanlı bir modele dayalı olarak VISUM yazılımı ile çözülmektedir. Geliştirilen model, toplu taşıma ağ tasarımı çalışmalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir test ağına uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, AA tabanlı modelin sefer sıklığı optimizasyonu probleminin çözümünde etkin olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel toplu taşıma,Otobüs taşımacılığı,Armoni araştırması,Toplu taşıma ataması,VISUM

Optimization of service frequencies in bus networks with harmony search algorithm: An application on Mandl’s test network

Öz

In developing countries, efforts to increase the efficiency of bus transportation, which is the most common type of urban public transport systems, have been increasing in recent years. Many studies addressing the performance of bus systems focus on approaches to optimizing user and operator benefits. In this study, a bi-level simulation/optimization model is developed to optimize service frequencies in urban bus networks. At the upper level, a meta-heuristic Harmony Search (HS) optimization technique based model is proposed for solving an objective function that represents operator and user costs. At the lower level, the transit assignment problem, which represents the distribution of demand over the transit network, is solved. In the proposed model, a time-table based transit assignment approach is used for the exact calculation of transfer wait times, and the transit assignment problem is solved using VISUM software based on a logit-based choice model. The developed model has been applied to a test network that is widely used in transit network design studies. The results show that the HS based model can be used effectively to solve the service frequency optimization problem.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban transit,Bus transportation,Harmony search,Transit assignment,VISUM

Kaynakça

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