Arıtılmış kentsel atıksuların tarımsal sulama amaçlı kullanımı

Öz

Dünya’da suya olan ihtiyacın gün geçtikçe artmasına bağlı olarak özellikle kentsel atıksular hacimleri ve içerdikleri besin maddeleri nedeniyle tarımsal sulamada cazip hale gelmiştir. Atıksular Dünya’nın birçok bölgesinde su kıtlığı ya da ekonomik nedenlerle tarımsal sulamada yaygın bir şekilde arıtılarak, kısmi arıtılarak, seyreltilerek ya da hiç arıtılmadan kullanılmaktadır. Fakat çoğu endüstriyel atıksuya kıyasla kentsel atıksular daha az kompleks ve kolay giderilebilir kirleticiler içerse de bu kirleticiler giderilmedikleri takdirde kısa ve uzun dönemde insan ve çevre için tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu kirleticilerden en önemlisi insan sağlığını direk tehdit eden patojenlerdir. Patojenler haricinde atıksu içerisinde birçok askıda ya da çözünmüş organik ve inorganik kirletici bulunmaktadır. Bu kirleticiler de uzun dönemli bir sulama sonucunda birikerek toprak yapısında fiziksel ve kimyasal bozulmalara, yerüstü ve yeraltı sularında direk ya da dolaylı yoldan insan hayatını tehdit edecek kirlenmelere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle sürdürülebilir bir tarımsal sulama için atıksuların bu amaçla kullanımları öncesi muhakkak uygun bir şekilde arıtılmaları ve kirletici konsantrasyonlarının sürekli kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. Arıtmanın derecesi ve kullanılacak teknolojiler o ülkenin ya da Dünya Sağlık Teşkilatı’nın belirlediği kirleticiler ve limit değerleri esas alınarak seçilebilir. Yapılan birçok çalışma uygun bir şekilde arıtılmış atıksuların tarımsal sulamada çiğ yenen meyve ve sebzeler de dahil olmak üzere kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arıtılmış atıksu,Kentsel atıksu,Tekrar kullanım,Tarımsal sulama

Use of treated municipal wastewater for agricultural irrigation

Öz

Owing to the growing need for water in the world, municipal wastewaters have become attractive in agricultural irrigation especially due to their volume and nutrient contain. Wastewater is used in many parts of the world in a widespread manner, by treated, by partial treated, by dilution or by no treated, for water scarcity or economic reasons in agricultural irrigation. But compared to most industrial wastewater, municipal wastewaters are less complex and contain easily removable pollutants, but they are a threat to human and environment in the short and long term if these pollutants are not removed. The most important of these pollutants are pathogens directly threatening human health. Except pathogens, there are many suspended or dissolved organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater. These pollutants accumulate in the result of long-term irrigation, resulting in physical and chemical deteriorations in soil structure and contamination of surface and groundwater threatening human life directly or indirectly. For this reason, for sustainable agricultural irrigation, wastewaters must be purified appropriately before their use for this purpose, and pollutant concentrations must be constantly controlled. The grade of the treatment and the technologies to be used can be selected based on the pollutants and limit values determined by that country or the World Health Organization. Many studies have shown that suitably treated wastewaters can be used in agricultural irrigation, including raw fruits and vegetables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Treated wastewater,Municipal wastewater,Reuse,Agricultural irrigation

Kaynakça

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