TEKİL TEMELLERİN OPTİMUM TASARIMINDA GENETİK ALGORİTMA KULLANIMI

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 213 - 222, 01.02.2008

Paki Turgut

Öz

Bu çalısmada, tekil temellerin optimum geometrik boyutlarının bulunması için, bir Genetik Algoritma (GA) programı gelistirilmistir. Tekil temellerin boyutlarının el veya bilgisayarlı çözümlerinde, tecrübeli bir tasarımcı tarafından baslangıçta yaklasık temel boyutlarının tahmin edilmesi zorunlulugu bulunmaktadır. Baslangıç temel boyutlarının tahmininden sonra, uzun zaman alan deneme-yanılma prosedürü takip edilerek boyutlar bulunmaktadır. Gelistirilen GA programında baslangıç temel boyutlarının tahmin edilmesine gerek kalmadan, tekil temel hacmi minimize edilerek, en uygun temel boyutları çok kısa sürede bulunmaktadır. Klasik metotların aksine, GA temel taban boyutları ile yüksekligini eszamanlı olarak hesaplamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genetik algoritma, Tekil temel, Tasarım.

OPTIMUM PAD FOOTING DESIGN BY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Öz

In this study, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been developed in order to find the optimum geometrical sizes in pad footing design. In the solutions of pad footing sizes found by manually or/and software, there is a required assumption of pad footing sizes held by an experienced designer at the beginning. After the assumption of the initial pad footing sizes, the exact sizes have been determined by a time consuming trial and error process. In the developed GA software without the requirement in the assumption of initial pad footing sizes, the most suitable pad footing sizes has been determined within a short period by minimizing the pad footing volume. In contrast to classical methods, developed GA has simultaneously and relationally calculated the pad footing base sizes and its height.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genetic algorithm, Pad footing, Design.

Kaynakça

• Anonymous, 1985. BS 8110, Structural code of concrete. Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction, Part 2: Code of practice for special circumstances.
• Anonymous, 1992. BS 8004, Code of practice for foundations. BS 8004 incorporated into BS EN 1992–1-1 and BS EN 1997–1, british standards institution, London.
• Anonymous, 1995. Eurocode-7, geotechnical design, european committee for standardization. draft report, british standards institution, London.
• Anonymous, 1997. TS ENV 1997, Geoteknik tasarım, (Eurocode-7), Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Necatibey caddesi, No.112 Bakanlıklar, Ankara.
• Anonymous, 2000. TS 500 Betonarme yapıların tasarım ve yapım kuralları. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Arslan, A., Turgut, P. and Calayır, Y. 1996. A genetic search based arrangement of load combinations in structural frames. Civil Comp., Advances in Computational Structures Technology, Edinburgh.
• Celep, Z. and Kumbasar, N. 2005. Betonarme Yapılar. BETA Dağıtım, İstanbul.
• Ceranic, B., Fryer, C. and Baines, R.W. 2001. An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining structures. Computers and Structures 79, 1569-1581.
• Eduardo, M.R.F., Marcos, M.S., Romildo, D.T.F., Jose, L.D.A. and Nelson, F.F.E. 2004. Optimization of mass concrete construction using genetic algorithms. Computers and Structures 82, 281-299.
• Ersoy, U. 1995. Betonarme II- Döşeme ve Temeller. Evrim yayınevi, İstanbul.
• Goldberg, D.E. 1983. Computer-Aided gas pipeline operation using genetic algorithms and rule learning. PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
• Greiner, D., Winter, G. and Emperador, J.M. 2001. Optimising frame structures by different strategies of genetic algorithms. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 37, 381-402.
• Hadi, M.N.S. and Arfiadi, Y. 2001. Optimum rigid pavement design by genetic algorithms. Computers and Structures 79, 1617-1624.
• Hasancebi, O. and Erbatur, F. 2000a. Constrain handling in genetic algorithm integrated structural optimization. Acta Mechanica 139, 15-31.
• Hasancebi, O. and Erbatur, F. 2000b. Evaluation of crossover techniques in genetic algorithm based optimum structural.
• Jarquio, R. and Jarquio, V. 1983. Design footing area with biaxial bending. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE. 109, 1337-1341.
• Jarquio, R. and Jarquio, V. 1984. Vertical stress formulas for triangular loading. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE. 110, 73-78.
• Louis, G. and Antoni, A. 2001. Shape and Cross-Section optimisation of a truss structure. Computers and Structures 79, 681-689.
• Macginly, T.J. and Choo, B.S. 2001. Reinforced Concrete: Design Theory and Examples. Taylor & Francis Co.
• Makris, P.A. and Provatidis, C.G. 2002. Weight minimisation of displacement-constrained truss structures using a strain energy criterion. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 191, 2159-2177.
• Matej, L. and Sejnoha, S. 2003. New approach to optimization of reinforced concrete beams. Computers and Structures 81, 1957-1966.
• Rao, M.A., Srinivas, J. and Murthy, B.S.N. 2004. Damage detection in vibrating bodies using genetic algorithms. Computers and Structures 82, 963-968.
• Rong, J. H., Xie, Y.M. and Yang, X.Y. 2001. An improved method for evolutionary structural optimisation against buckling. Computers and Structures 79, 253-263.
• Sahab, M.G., Ashour, A.F. and Toropov, V.V. 2005. Cost optimisation of reinforced concrete flat slab buildings. Engineering Structures 27, 313-322.
• Salajegheh, E., Heidari, A. 2004. Optimum design of structures against earthquake by adaptive genetic algorithm using wavelet networks. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 28, 277-285.
• Saribas, A. and Erbatur, F. 1996. Optimization and sensitivity of retaining structures. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 122, 649-656.
• Turgut, P. ve Arslan, A. 2001. Sürekli bir kirişte maksimum momentlerin genetik algoritmalar ile bulunması. D.E.Ü. Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 3, 1–9.
• Turgut, P., Gürel, M. A. ve Arslan A. 1996. Genetik algoritma ile bir kirişin optimum tasarımı. Prof. Dr. Rıfat Yarar Sempozyumu, İTÜ, İstanbul.
• Turgut, P. 1995. Yapılarda hareketli yük kombinezonlarının genetik algoritmalar ile belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ.
• Wang, S.Y. and Tai, K. 2004. Graph representation for structural topology optimization using genetic algorithms. Computers and Structures 82, 1609-1622.