The Role of Mass Transfer in Membrane Systems

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 6, 224 - 238, 02.01.2016

Levent Gürel , Hanife Büyükgüngör

Öz

Membranes are situated in the foreground among the considerably popular treatment systems in the last years. The use of membranes was become widespread in many fields such as drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment and obtaining drinking water from sea water. The predominance of membranes against the classical systems regarding the wastewater treatment, and the decreasing cost of membrane materials each day provided these systems to enter among the preferable options. There are considerably different types of membranes. Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are the processes drawing most attention. One of the most important considerations in membrane processes is the amount of constituents passing from the membrane and rejecting by the membrane. Mass transfer concept arises in this place. Mass transfer is a critically important case used in the design of treatment systems and the estimation of efficiency. In addition to the points mentioned above, investigation of mass transfer occurring in membranes is important in comparing of different membrane types. In this review article, general information about the membranes, membrane types, uses of membranes and module designs are given, concept of mass transfer is viewed and the mass transfer processes realizing in these treatment systems are assessed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Kütle Aktarımının Membran Sistemlerindeki Rolü

Öz

Membranlar, son yıllarda oldukça popüler arıtım sistemleri arasında ön planda yer almaktadır. İçme suyu arıtımı, atıksu arıtımı ve deniz suyundan içme suyu eldesi gibi birçok alanda membranların kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Özellikle membranların atıksuların arıtımı konusunda klasik sistemlere karşı olan üstünlükleri ve gün geçtikçe düşüş gösteren membran materyali maliyetleri, bu sistemlerin tercih edilebilir seçenekler arasına girmesini sağlamıştır. Membranların oldukça farklı türleri bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında mikrofiltrasyon (MF), ultrafiltrasyon (UF), nanofiltrasyon (NF) ve ters osmoz (RO) en fazla ilgi çeken proseslerdir. Membran proseslerde en önemli hususlardan biri, membrandan geçen ve membranda tutulan bileşen miktarlarıdır. Burada kütle aktarımı kavramı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kütle aktarımı, arıtım sistemlerinin projelendirilmesinde ve verimlilik hesaplarının yapılmasında oldukça büyük önem taşıyan bir olaydır. Membranlarda gerçekleşen kütle aktarımının incelenmesi, yukarıda söz edilen konulara ek olarak, farklı membran tiplerinin karşılaştırılması açısından da önem taşımaktadır. Bu derleme makalesi kapsamında, membranlar ile ilgili genel bilgilere, membranların türlerine, kullanım alanlarına ve modül tasarımlarına yer verilmiş, kütle aktarımı kavramı incelenmiş ve membran arıtım sistemlerinde gerçekleşen kütle aktarımı işlemleri değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Membran prosesler, Kütle aktarımı, Su arıtımı

Kaynakça

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