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An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 6, 270 - 275, 02.01.2016

Öz

Cohesive soil exhibits various degrees of swelling potential due to their clay contents and minerals. Many studies have been conducted to determine the degree of swelling of cohesive soil in the literature. These studies are related with the percentage of clay and colloid, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, activity, liquid limit, the water content and absorption and some of them give tables and others give graphics. In this study, the swelling potential of cohesive soil depending on liquid limit and natural water content were investigated. The graphical relation in literature was solved and a general equation between the water content and liquid limit of cohesive soil was determined for predicting swelling percentage. It is understood that the relation of swelling percentage between water content and liquid limit is not logarithmic as given in the literature, but it is an exponential equation with a -0.187w power constant N. The proposed methodology was applied to cohesive soil between Avcılar and Esenyurt. In literature classifications for swelling potential are variable and these definitions are inconsistent with each other. Whereas reliable numerical values for swelling are obtained by the proposed approach of swelling potential associated with clays water content.

Kaynakça

  • Holtz WG, Gibbs HJ. “Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays”. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 121(1), 641-663, 1956.
  • Dawson RF. “Discussion on 'Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays' by Holtz and Gibbs”. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 121(1), 664-677, 1956.
  • Chen FH. Foundations on Expansive Soils. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1975.
  • Sridharan A, Sudhakar MR, Murthy NS. “Free Swell Index of Soils: A Need for Redefinition”. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 15(2), 94-99, 1985.
  • Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). “Methods of Test for Soils. Part XL, Determination of Free Swell Index of Soils (3rd ed. August 1997)”. Civil Engineering, Soil and Foundation Engineering (CED 43), New Delhi, India, IS 2720, 1977.
  • MacEwan DMC. “Complex Formation between Montmorillonite and Halloysite and Certain Organic Compounds”. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 44, 349-367, 1948.
  • Mackenzie RC. “Complexes of Clays with Organic Compounds”. Transactions of the Faraday Society. 44, 368-375, 1948.
  • Green WJ, Lee GF, Jones RA. “Impact of Organic Solvents on the Integrity of Clay Liners for Industrial Waste Disposal Pits: Implication for Groundwater Contamination”. Report to US. EPA Robert S. Kerr Environmental Laboratory, Ada, Oklahoma, USA, 1980.
  • Sivapullaiah PV, Sitharam TG, Rao KSS. “Modified Free Swell Index for Clays”. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 10(2), 80-85, 1987.
  • Coduto DP. Foundation Design Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. New Jersey, USA, Prentice-Hall Inc., 2000.
  • Building Research Establishment. “Assessment of Damage in Low-Rise Buildings, with Particular Reference to Progressive Foundation Movement”. Digest 251, Building Research Establishment, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK, 1981.
  • Seed HB, Woodward RJ, Lundren R. “Prediction of Swelling Potential for Compacted Clays”. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, 88(4), 207-209 1962.
  • Chen FH. Foundations on Expansive Soils. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1988.
  • Annual Book of ASTM Standards. “Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils”. ASTM D4829-11, 04.08, 1-5, 2011.
  • ACPA. “Expensive Soils. Concrete Pavement Technology Series”. Skokie, US, TS204.2P, 2008.
  • ASTM International. “Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils”. ASTM International, US, ASTM D422, 2007.
  • ASTM International. “Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils”. ASTM International, US, ASTM D4318, 2010.
  • Das MB. Principles of Foundation Engineering. 4th ed. USA, PWS Pub., 1999.
  • Basma AA. “Prediction of Expansion Degree for Natural Compacted Clays”. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 16(4), 542-549, 1993.
  • Vijayvergiya VN, Ghazzaly OI. “Prediction of Swelling Potential of Natural Clays.” Proceedings of the 3rd International Research and Engineering Conference on Expansive Clays, Haifa, Israel, 30 July – 1 August 1973.
  • Keskin C. “Kuzey Ergene Havzasının Stratigrafisi”. Türkiye 2. Petrol Kongresi Tebliğleri, Ankara, Türkiye, 1974.
  • Sayar C. “İstanbul Yeni İskan Yöreleri Geoteknik ve Sismik Etüdü, Cilt I, Büyükçekmece-Küçükçekmece Gölleri Arası Yöre”. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, B.Ü. Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Enstitüsü Raporu (yayımlanmamış), 1977.
  • Arıç C. Haliç-Küçükçekmece Gölü Bölgesi’nin Jeolojisi. Doktora Tezi (yayımlanmamış), İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1955.
  • Tezcan SS, Durgunoğlu HT. “İstanbul Yeni İskan Yöreleri Geoteknik ve Sismik Etüdü”. Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 78-14T, 1977.
  • Altmeyer WT. “Discussion of Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays”. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, American Society of Testing and Materials, 81(2), 17-19, 1955.

Kohezyonlu Zeminlerin Şişme Potansiyeli için Bir Yaklaşım: Avcılar-Esenyurt Örneği

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 6, 270 - 275, 02.01.2016

Öz

Kohezyonlu zeminler, kil oranı ve cinsine bağlı olarak değişik derecelerde gelişen şişme özelliği sergilerler. Literatürde kohezyonlu zeminlerin şişme derecesini belirlemek için pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, kil ve kolloid yüzdesi, plastisite indisi, rötre limit, aktivite, likit limit, su içeriği ve emme özellikleri ile ilgili olup bunların bir kısmı çizelgeler ile bir kısmı ise grafikler ile verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kohezyonlu zeminlerin şişme potansiyeli likit limit ve doğal su içeriğine bağlı olarak incelenmiştir. Literatürde önerilmiş olan grafiksel ilişki çözümlenmiş ve çözümleme sonucu kohezyonlu zeminlerin doğal su içeriği ve likit limit değerlerinden hareketle olası şişme yüzdesinin tahminine yönelik genel denklem belirlenmiştir. Yapılan incelemede, literatürde önerilmiş olan grafikte gösterildiği gibi kohezyonlu zeminlerin doğal su içeriği, likit limit ve olası şişme yüzdesi arasındaki ilişkinin logaritmik olmadığı, bu ilişkinin “N” gibi değişken bir çarpana bağlı olarak üstel katsayısı -0.187w olan eksponansiyel bir eşitlik olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çalışma ile önerilen yöntem İstanbul ili Avrupa yakası Avcılar-Esenyurt arasında yüzeyleyen birimler üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Literatürde şişme potansiyeli için önerilen sınıflandırmalarda değerlendirme kriterlerine ait yorumlamalar çok değişkendir ve bu tanımlamalar birbirleri ile de tutarsızdır. Oysa killerin su içeriği ile ilişkili olan şişme için önerilen bu yaklaşım ile güvenilir sayısal değerler elde edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Holtz WG, Gibbs HJ. “Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays”. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 121(1), 641-663, 1956.
  • Dawson RF. “Discussion on 'Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays' by Holtz and Gibbs”. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 121(1), 664-677, 1956.
  • Chen FH. Foundations on Expansive Soils. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1975.
  • Sridharan A, Sudhakar MR, Murthy NS. “Free Swell Index of Soils: A Need for Redefinition”. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 15(2), 94-99, 1985.
  • Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). “Methods of Test for Soils. Part XL, Determination of Free Swell Index of Soils (3rd ed. August 1997)”. Civil Engineering, Soil and Foundation Engineering (CED 43), New Delhi, India, IS 2720, 1977.
  • MacEwan DMC. “Complex Formation between Montmorillonite and Halloysite and Certain Organic Compounds”. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 44, 349-367, 1948.
  • Mackenzie RC. “Complexes of Clays with Organic Compounds”. Transactions of the Faraday Society. 44, 368-375, 1948.
  • Green WJ, Lee GF, Jones RA. “Impact of Organic Solvents on the Integrity of Clay Liners for Industrial Waste Disposal Pits: Implication for Groundwater Contamination”. Report to US. EPA Robert S. Kerr Environmental Laboratory, Ada, Oklahoma, USA, 1980.
  • Sivapullaiah PV, Sitharam TG, Rao KSS. “Modified Free Swell Index for Clays”. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 10(2), 80-85, 1987.
  • Coduto DP. Foundation Design Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. New Jersey, USA, Prentice-Hall Inc., 2000.
  • Building Research Establishment. “Assessment of Damage in Low-Rise Buildings, with Particular Reference to Progressive Foundation Movement”. Digest 251, Building Research Establishment, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK, 1981.
  • Seed HB, Woodward RJ, Lundren R. “Prediction of Swelling Potential for Compacted Clays”. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, 88(4), 207-209 1962.
  • Chen FH. Foundations on Expansive Soils. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1988.
  • Annual Book of ASTM Standards. “Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils”. ASTM D4829-11, 04.08, 1-5, 2011.
  • ACPA. “Expensive Soils. Concrete Pavement Technology Series”. Skokie, US, TS204.2P, 2008.
  • ASTM International. “Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils”. ASTM International, US, ASTM D422, 2007.
  • ASTM International. “Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils”. ASTM International, US, ASTM D4318, 2010.
  • Das MB. Principles of Foundation Engineering. 4th ed. USA, PWS Pub., 1999.
  • Basma AA. “Prediction of Expansion Degree for Natural Compacted Clays”. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 16(4), 542-549, 1993.
  • Vijayvergiya VN, Ghazzaly OI. “Prediction of Swelling Potential of Natural Clays.” Proceedings of the 3rd International Research and Engineering Conference on Expansive Clays, Haifa, Israel, 30 July – 1 August 1973.
  • Keskin C. “Kuzey Ergene Havzasının Stratigrafisi”. Türkiye 2. Petrol Kongresi Tebliğleri, Ankara, Türkiye, 1974.
  • Sayar C. “İstanbul Yeni İskan Yöreleri Geoteknik ve Sismik Etüdü, Cilt I, Büyükçekmece-Küçükçekmece Gölleri Arası Yöre”. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, B.Ü. Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Enstitüsü Raporu (yayımlanmamış), 1977.
  • Arıç C. Haliç-Küçükçekmece Gölü Bölgesi’nin Jeolojisi. Doktora Tezi (yayımlanmamış), İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1955.
  • Tezcan SS, Durgunoğlu HT. “İstanbul Yeni İskan Yöreleri Geoteknik ve Sismik Etüdü”. Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 78-14T, 1977.
  • Altmeyer WT. “Discussion of Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays”. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, American Society of Testing and Materials, 81(2), 17-19, 1955.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Erkan Bozkurtoğlu

Gökhan Şans Bu kişi benim

Rahmi Eyüboğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkurtoğlu, E., Şans, G., & Eyüboğlu, R. (2016). An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(6), 270-275.
AMA Bozkurtoğlu E, Şans G, Eyüboğlu R. An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Ocak 2016;21(6):270-275.
Chicago Bozkurtoğlu, Erkan, Gökhan Şans, ve Rahmi Eyüboğlu. “An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21, sy. 6 (Ocak 2016): 270-75.
EndNote Bozkurtoğlu E, Şans G, Eyüboğlu R (01 Ocak 2016) An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21 6 270–275.
IEEE E. Bozkurtoğlu, G. Şans, ve R. Eyüboğlu, “An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 6, ss. 270–275, 2016.
ISNAD Bozkurtoğlu, Erkan vd. “An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21/6 (Ocak 2016), 270-275.
JAMA Bozkurtoğlu E, Şans G, Eyüboğlu R. An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;21:270–275.
MLA Bozkurtoğlu, Erkan vd. “An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 6, 2016, ss. 270-5.
Vancouver Bozkurtoğlu E, Şans G, Eyüboğlu R. An Approach to Swelling Potential of Cohesive Soils: Avcilar-Esenyurt Example. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;21(6):270-5.





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