BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Buckling restrained braces

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 160 - 170, 30.06.2016

Öz

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) have high energy dissipation capacity and equal tension and compression axial load capacity. Therefore, the application of BRBs has gained popularity in seismic regions. The first studies on BRBs started in Japan in 1970 and since then more studies have been undertaken in other earthquake prone countries. Although the BRBs perform well in component and subassembly tests, they do not perform as well in frame tests because of the interaction between beam-column-gusset plate and BRB. In this study, the component and subassembly test of the BRBs and then BRB frame tests available in the literature are summarized.

Kaynakça

  • Black GR, Wenger BA, Popov EP. “Inelastic Buckling of Steel Struts Under Cyclic Load Reversals”. University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. Technical Report, UCB/EERC-80/40, 1980.
  • Black CJ, Makris N, Aike, ID. “Component Testing, Stability Analysis and Characterization of Buckling Restrained Braces”. University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. Technical Report, PEER 2002/08, 2002.
  • López WA. “Design of Unbonded Braced Frames”. 70th Annual Convention, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, California, USA, 2001.
  • Wada A, Saeki E, Takeuchi T, Watanabe AC. “Development of Unbonded Brace, Nippon Steel's Unbonded Braces”. Nippon Steel Corporation Building Construction and Urban Development Division, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1-16, 1998.
  • Uang CM, Nakashima M. Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames. Editors: Bozorgnia Y, Bertero VV. Earthquake Engineering Performance-Based Engineering. Boca Raton, Florida, USA, CRC Press, 2004. Seismology to
  • Qiang X. “State of the art of buckling-restrained braces in asia”. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 61(6), 727- 748, 2005.
  • Uang CM, Nakashima M, Tsai KC. “Research and application of buckling restrained brace frames”. Steel Structures, 4, 301-313, 2004.
  • Tsai KC, Lai JWYC, Lin SL, Weng, CH. “Research and application of double-core buckling restrained braces in Taiwan”. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1-6 August 2004.
  • National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering. “The Earthquake Engineering Online Archive | Nisee e- library”. CR0310 (02.03.2015).
  • Watanabe A, Hitomi Y, Yaeki E, Wada A, Fujimoto M. “Properties of brace encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube”. 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Kyoto-Tokyo, Japan, 2-9 August 1988.
  • Iwata M, Kato T, Wada A. Buckling-Restrained Braces as Hysteretic Dampers. Editors: Mazzolani FM, Tremblay R. STESSA 2000: Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas: Proceedings of the Third International Conference STESSA (21-24 August), Montreal, Canada, 33–38, 2000.
  • Clark P, Aiken I, Kasai K, Ko E, Kimura I. “Design procedures for buildings incorporating hysteretic damping devices”. 69th Annual Convention of Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, California, USA, 1999.
  • Chen CC, Chen SY, Liaw JJ. “Application of low yield strength steel on controlled plastification ductile concentrically braced frames”. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 28(5), 823-836, 2001.
  • Higgins C, Newell J. “Development of two new hysteretic dampers”. 7th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Oakland, California, USA, 21-25 July 2002.
  • Higgins C, Newell J. “Confined steel brace for earthquake resistance design”. Engineering Journal, 41(4), 187-202, 2004.
  • Young KJ, Kim, MH, Kim J, Kim, SD. “Component tests of buckling-restrained braces with unconstrained length”. Engineering Structures, 31(2), 507-516, 2009.
  • Tsai KC, Hwang YC, Weng CS, Shirai T, Nakamura H. “Experimental tests of large scale buckling restrained braces and frames”. Passive Control Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, December 2002.
  • Tremblay R, Degrange G, Blouin J. “Seismic rehabilitation of a four-story building with a stiffened bracing system”. 8th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, 13-19 June 1999.
  • Tremblay R, Bolduc P, Neville R, DeVall R. “Seismic testing and performance of buckling restrained bracing systems”. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33(2), 183-198, 2006.
  • Uriz P. Towards Earthquake Resistance Design of Concentrically Braced Steel Structures. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, 2005.
  • López WA, DS Lauck, TW, Saunders M. “Structural design and experimental verification of a buckling restrained braced frame system”. American Institute of Steel Construction Engineering Journal, 4. Quarter, 177-186, 2004.
  • Aiken ID, Mahin SA, Uriz P. “Large-Scale testing of buckling-restrained braced frames”. Japan Passive Control Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, December, 2002.
  • Meritt S, Uang CM, Benzoni G. “Subassemblage Testing of Star Seismic Buckling Restrained Braces”. University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA. Report No TR-2003/04, 2003.
  • American Institute of Steel Construction. “Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Building”. American Institute of Steel Construction. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2005.
  • Christopulos AS. Improved Seismic Performance of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames. MSc Thesis, Civil Engineering University, Washington, USA, 2005.
  • Tsai KC, Hsiao PC. “Pseudo-Dynamic test of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-part II: seismic performance of buckling- restrained braces and connections”. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 37, 1099-1115, 2008.
  • Tsai KC, Hsiao PC, Wang KJ, Weng YT, Lin ML, Lin KC, Chen CH, Lai JW, Lin SL. “Pseudo-Dynamic tests of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-part ı: specimen design experiment and analysis”. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 37, 1081-1098, 2008.
  • Whitmore RE. “Experimental investigation of stresses in gusset plates”. Bulletin, 16, 1-33, 1952.
  • Thornton WA. “Bracing Connections for Heavy Construction”. Engineering Journal, 21(3), 139-148, 1984.
  • Lin ML, Tsai KC, Hsiao PC, Tsai CY. “Compressive Behavior of Buckling-Restrained Brace Gusset Connections”. The First Conference on Advanced in Experimental Structural Engineering, Nagoya, Japan, 19-21 July 2005.
  • Lin ML, Tsai KC, Tsai CY. “Bi-Directional Sub-Structural Pseudo-Dynamic Testing of a Full-Scale 2-Story BRBF, Part 2: Compressive Behavior of Gusset Plates”. 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, CA, USA, 18-22 April 2006.
  • Tsai KC, Weng YT, Wang KJ, Tsai CY, Lai JW. “Bi-Directional Sub-Structural Pseudo-Dynamic Testing of a Full Scale 2-Story BRBF, Part 1: Seismic Design, Analytical and Experimental Performance Assessments”. 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, CA, USA, 18-22 April 2006.
  • Fahnestock LA, Ricles JM, Sause R. “Experimental Evaluation of a Large-Scale Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame”. Journal of Structural Engineering, 133(9), 1205-1214, 2007.

Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 160 - 170, 30.06.2016

Öz

Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazların (BEÇÇ’lerin) eksenel basınç ve çekme kapasiteleri eşit olmasının yanında BEÇÇ’ler yüksek enerji sönümleme özelliğine de sahiptirler. Bu bakımdan deprem bölgelerinde kullanılmaları giderek artmaktadır. BEÇÇ’lerin geliştirilmesine ait çalışmalar ilk olarak 1970’li yıllarda Japonya’da başlamıştır ve daha sonra özellikle deprem bölgesi üzerindeki ülkelerde devam etmiştir. BEÇÇ’lerin eleman ve çerçeve benzeri sistem bazındaki performanslarının oldukça kararlı olmasına karşın, çerçeve sistemi içerisindeki davranışlarında kiriş, kolon, bayrak levhası ve BEÇÇ arasında meydana gelen etkileşimden dolayı istenmeyen sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, BEÇÇ’lerin ilk olarak eleman ve çerçeve benzeri sistem bazında ve daha sonra çerçeve içerisinde yapılan deneysel çalışmaları özetlemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Black GR, Wenger BA, Popov EP. “Inelastic Buckling of Steel Struts Under Cyclic Load Reversals”. University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. Technical Report, UCB/EERC-80/40, 1980.
  • Black CJ, Makris N, Aike, ID. “Component Testing, Stability Analysis and Characterization of Buckling Restrained Braces”. University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. Technical Report, PEER 2002/08, 2002.
  • López WA. “Design of Unbonded Braced Frames”. 70th Annual Convention, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, California, USA, 2001.
  • Wada A, Saeki E, Takeuchi T, Watanabe AC. “Development of Unbonded Brace, Nippon Steel's Unbonded Braces”. Nippon Steel Corporation Building Construction and Urban Development Division, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1-16, 1998.
  • Uang CM, Nakashima M. Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames. Editors: Bozorgnia Y, Bertero VV. Earthquake Engineering Performance-Based Engineering. Boca Raton, Florida, USA, CRC Press, 2004. Seismology to
  • Qiang X. “State of the art of buckling-restrained braces in asia”. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 61(6), 727- 748, 2005.
  • Uang CM, Nakashima M, Tsai KC. “Research and application of buckling restrained brace frames”. Steel Structures, 4, 301-313, 2004.
  • Tsai KC, Lai JWYC, Lin SL, Weng, CH. “Research and application of double-core buckling restrained braces in Taiwan”. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1-6 August 2004.
  • National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering. “The Earthquake Engineering Online Archive | Nisee e- library”. CR0310 (02.03.2015).
  • Watanabe A, Hitomi Y, Yaeki E, Wada A, Fujimoto M. “Properties of brace encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube”. 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Kyoto-Tokyo, Japan, 2-9 August 1988.
  • Iwata M, Kato T, Wada A. Buckling-Restrained Braces as Hysteretic Dampers. Editors: Mazzolani FM, Tremblay R. STESSA 2000: Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas: Proceedings of the Third International Conference STESSA (21-24 August), Montreal, Canada, 33–38, 2000.
  • Clark P, Aiken I, Kasai K, Ko E, Kimura I. “Design procedures for buildings incorporating hysteretic damping devices”. 69th Annual Convention of Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, California, USA, 1999.
  • Chen CC, Chen SY, Liaw JJ. “Application of low yield strength steel on controlled plastification ductile concentrically braced frames”. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 28(5), 823-836, 2001.
  • Higgins C, Newell J. “Development of two new hysteretic dampers”. 7th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Oakland, California, USA, 21-25 July 2002.
  • Higgins C, Newell J. “Confined steel brace for earthquake resistance design”. Engineering Journal, 41(4), 187-202, 2004.
  • Young KJ, Kim, MH, Kim J, Kim, SD. “Component tests of buckling-restrained braces with unconstrained length”. Engineering Structures, 31(2), 507-516, 2009.
  • Tsai KC, Hwang YC, Weng CS, Shirai T, Nakamura H. “Experimental tests of large scale buckling restrained braces and frames”. Passive Control Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, December 2002.
  • Tremblay R, Degrange G, Blouin J. “Seismic rehabilitation of a four-story building with a stiffened bracing system”. 8th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, 13-19 June 1999.
  • Tremblay R, Bolduc P, Neville R, DeVall R. “Seismic testing and performance of buckling restrained bracing systems”. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33(2), 183-198, 2006.
  • Uriz P. Towards Earthquake Resistance Design of Concentrically Braced Steel Structures. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, 2005.
  • López WA, DS Lauck, TW, Saunders M. “Structural design and experimental verification of a buckling restrained braced frame system”. American Institute of Steel Construction Engineering Journal, 4. Quarter, 177-186, 2004.
  • Aiken ID, Mahin SA, Uriz P. “Large-Scale testing of buckling-restrained braced frames”. Japan Passive Control Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, December, 2002.
  • Meritt S, Uang CM, Benzoni G. “Subassemblage Testing of Star Seismic Buckling Restrained Braces”. University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA. Report No TR-2003/04, 2003.
  • American Institute of Steel Construction. “Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Building”. American Institute of Steel Construction. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2005.
  • Christopulos AS. Improved Seismic Performance of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames. MSc Thesis, Civil Engineering University, Washington, USA, 2005.
  • Tsai KC, Hsiao PC. “Pseudo-Dynamic test of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-part II: seismic performance of buckling- restrained braces and connections”. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 37, 1099-1115, 2008.
  • Tsai KC, Hsiao PC, Wang KJ, Weng YT, Lin ML, Lin KC, Chen CH, Lai JW, Lin SL. “Pseudo-Dynamic tests of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-part ı: specimen design experiment and analysis”. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 37, 1081-1098, 2008.
  • Whitmore RE. “Experimental investigation of stresses in gusset plates”. Bulletin, 16, 1-33, 1952.
  • Thornton WA. “Bracing Connections for Heavy Construction”. Engineering Journal, 21(3), 139-148, 1984.
  • Lin ML, Tsai KC, Hsiao PC, Tsai CY. “Compressive Behavior of Buckling-Restrained Brace Gusset Connections”. The First Conference on Advanced in Experimental Structural Engineering, Nagoya, Japan, 19-21 July 2005.
  • Lin ML, Tsai KC, Tsai CY. “Bi-Directional Sub-Structural Pseudo-Dynamic Testing of a Full-Scale 2-Story BRBF, Part 2: Compressive Behavior of Gusset Plates”. 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, CA, USA, 18-22 April 2006.
  • Tsai KC, Weng YT, Wang KJ, Tsai CY, Lai JW. “Bi-Directional Sub-Structural Pseudo-Dynamic Testing of a Full Scale 2-Story BRBF, Part 1: Seismic Design, Analytical and Experimental Performance Assessments”. 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, CA, USA, 18-22 April 2006.
  • Fahnestock LA, Ricles JM, Sause R. “Experimental Evaluation of a Large-Scale Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame”. Journal of Structural Engineering, 133(9), 1205-1214, 2007.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ramazan Özçelik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Özçelik, R. (2016). Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(3), 160-170.
AMA Özçelik R. Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Temmuz 2016;22(3):160-170.
Chicago Özçelik, Ramazan. “Burkulması Engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2016): 160-70.
EndNote Özçelik R (01 Temmuz 2016) Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22 3 160–170.
IEEE R. Özçelik, “Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 3, ss. 160–170, 2016.
ISNAD Özçelik, Ramazan. “Burkulması Engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22/3 (Temmuz 2016), 160-170.
JAMA Özçelik R. Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;22:160–170.
MLA Özçelik, Ramazan. “Burkulması Engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 3, 2016, ss. 160-7.
Vancouver Özçelik R. Burkulması engellenmiş çelik çaprazlar. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;22(3):160-7.





Creative Commons Lisansı
Bu dergi Creative Commons Al 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.