Terk edilmiş kömür ocaklarında oluşan maden göllerinin hidrokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve insansız hava aracı ile üç boyutlu modellenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 6, 780 - 791, 15.12.2017

Deniz Şanlıyüksel Yücel Mehmet Ali Yücel

Öz

Bu
çalışma, Çan kömür havzasındaki terk edilmiş kömür ocaklarında oluşan maden
göllerinin yüksek çözünürlüklü insansız hava aracı (İHA) görüntüleri ile üç
boyutlu (3B) modellenmesi, hidrokimyasal karakterizasyonunun belirlenmesi ve
çevresel etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Mayıs
2014 tarihinde DJI F550 model hexacopter ile göller ve çevresinde 30-100 m
arasında değişen yüksekliklerde uçuşlar yapılarak 12 megapiksel kamera ile
görüntü çekimleri yapılmıştır. Görüntü işleme aşamasında Agisoft programı
kullanılarak göllerin 1-6 cm arasında değişen çözünürlüklü ortofotoları ve 3B
arazi modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Göllerin İHA görüntüleriyle hesaplanan toplam
alanı 298751 m²'dir. Ayrıca göllerden ve akış aşağısındaki
derelerden İHA çalışmalarıyla eş zamanlı olarak su örneklemesi yapılmıştır.
Maden göllerinin su kirliliği kontrolü yönetmeliğine göre düşük pH ve yüksek
konsantrasyonda Al, Fe, Mn, Ni ve Zn gibi metalleri içermesi nedeniyle çok
ciddi kirlilik içeren ve kullanımı mümkün olmayan sular sınıfına girdiği
belirlenmiştir. Bu göllerin boşaltılmaları durumunda çevresindeki su
kaynaklarını etkileme olasılığı son derece yüksektir. Bu nedenle en kısa
zamanda, saha için en uygun yöntem ile maden göllerinin rehabilite edilmesi
gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çan kömür havzası, Hidrokimya, İnsansız hava aracı, Maden gölü, 3B arazi modeli

Determining hydrochemical characteristics of mine lakes from abandoned coal mines and 3D modelling of them using unmanned aerial vehicle

Öz

This
study was undertaken with the aim of creating three dimensional (3D) models of
mine lakes formed in abandoned coal mines of the Çan coal basin using high
resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, determining hydrochemical
characterization and investigating environmental effects. In May 2014 a DJI
F550 model hexacopter was flown at heights varying from 30-100 m above lakes
and surroundings and images were obtained with a 12 megapixel camera. During
the image processing stage the Agisoft program was used and orthophoto of the
lakes with resolution from 1-6 cm and 3D terrain models were created. The total
area of the lakes calculated from UAV images was 298751 m².
Additionally water samples were taken from lakes and downstream rivers
simultaneous to UAV studies. According to water pollution control regulation in
Turkey, the mine lakes were very severely polluted with low pH and high
concentrations of metals such as Al, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. The lakes were in the
category of water not suitable for use under any circumstances. There is a very
high possibility that if these lakes drain the water resources will be
affected. As a result, it is necessary to rehabilitate the mine lakes as soon
as possible using the most appropriate method for the field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çan coal basin, Hydrochemistry, Unmanned aerial vehicle, Mine lake, 3D terrain model

Kaynakça

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