Kablosuz manyetik sensörler kullanarak karar ağacı algoritma tabanlı araç sınıflandırmasının gerçekleştirilmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 302 - 310, 30.04.2018

Sercan Vançin Ebubekir Erdem

Öz

Kablosuz
sensör ağları kullanarak akıllı ulaşım sistemleri (Intelligent Transportation
Systems, ITS) tasarlamak, hem maliyet hem de enerji verimliliği açısından
avantajlı olup herhangi bir yolun trafiğini gözlemlemek, o yol hakkında trafik
bilgisi edinmek veya sadece araçları tespit edip tipleri ve hızlarını saptamak
son zamanlarda araştırmacıların ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada
sensör düğümü, manyetometre, güç kartı ve pilden oluşan ve diğer çalışmalarda
kullanılan düğümlerden daha doğru ve anlaşılır veriler sunabilen bir sensör
devresi kullanılmıştır. Bu sensör devreleri ile aracın tipini belirlemek için
iki farklı yöntem sunulmuştur. İlk yöntemde, yoldan geçen araçlar, önerilen
algoritma ve



















 (Manyetik İmza Uzunluğu) paremetresine göre
otomobil, minibus, otobüs ve kamyon olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu yöntemle
elde edilen doğruluk payı %89 olmuştur. Diğer yöntemde ise araç
sınıflandırması, makine öğrenmesi algoritması olan J48 kullanılarak yapılmış ve
önerilen yöntem esas alınarak elde edilen sonuçların eniyilemesi yapılmıştır.
Bir makine öğrenmesi yazılım paketi olan Weka'da uygulanan J48 sınıflandırma
algoritmasını kullanır. Karar ağacı modeli, 3 eksenli HMC5983L manyetik
sensöründen geçen araçlardan çıkarılan manyetik ham veri, ölçüm süresi gibi bir
dizi özellikten oluşturulmuştur. Özellikler, çapraz geçerlilik temelinde
değişen sınıflandırma oranları derecelerine sahip bir karar ağacı modeli
üretmek için J48 eğitim algoritmasına doğru sınıflandırmalarla sağlanan
niteliklerdir. Makine öğrenmesi algoritması olan J48 kullanımı araç
sınıflandırmasında daha verimli ve doğru sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. İlk yöntemle elde edilen

 değerleri hesaplama aşamasında zorluklar
doğurmuştur. Ancak J48 algoritması kullanılarak daha belirgin ve hassas sınır
ve eşik değerleri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucu, araç sınıflandırma
sisteminde önerilen algoritmanın eniyilemesiyle yaklaşık % 100 doğruluk payı
ile etkili ve verimli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kablosuz sensör ağları, Manyetik sensör, Araç sınıflandırması, Makine öğrenmesi algoritması, Manyetik imza uzunluğu

Implementation of the vehicle classification based-on decision tree algorithm using wireless magnetic sensors

Öz

The
design of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) using wireless sensor
networks to observe any road traffic, get road information, or just identify
road vehicles has recently become an interesting and popular research topic
because of its advantages in cost and energy efficiency. To perform this study,
sensor circuit consisting of sensor node, magnetometer, power board and
battery, is used. This sensor structure presents more accurate and intelligible
results than sensor nodes used in other studies. Two different methods have
been proposed to determine the type of vehicle with these sensor circuits. In
the first method, vehicles passing by the road are classified as cars,
minibuses, buses and trucks according to the proposed algorithm and



















 (Magnetic Signature Length) parameters. The
accuracy achieved with this method was 89%. In the other method, vehicle
classification was performed using machine learning algorithm J48 which is a
machine learning decision tree extension and the obtained results were
optimized based on the proposed method. It uses the J48 classification
algorithm implemented in Weka, a machine learning software package. The
Decision Tree model was built from a series of features like magnetic raw data,
measurement time derived from vehicles passing through the 3-axis HMC5983L
magnetic sensor. The properties are those provided by the correct
classification into the J48 training algorithm to produce a decision tree model
with grading ratios that vary on the basis of cross validity. The use of J48, a
machine learning algorithm, has been shown to yield more efficient and accurate
results in vehicle classification. The MSL values obtained by the first method
have caused difficulties in the calculation process. However, by using the J48
algorithm, more specific and sensitive boundary and threshold values were
obtained. The result of the study illustrates that the vehicle classification
system is so effective and efficient with an accuracy rate of about 100% with
optimization of the proposed system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wireless sensor networks, Magnetic sensor, Vehicle classification, Machine learning algorithm, Magnetic signature length

Kaynakça

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