Otobüs ağlarındaki sefer sıklıklarının armoni araştırması algoritması ile optimizasyonu: Mandl test ağı üzerine bir uygulama

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 6, 1107 - 1116, 18.12.2018

Hüseyin Ceylan , Tayfun Özcan

Öz

Gelişmekte
olan ülkelerde kentiçi toplu taşıma sistemleri arasında en yaygın tür olan
otobüs taşımacılığının verimliliğini arttırmaya yönelik çalışmalar son yıllarda
artmaktadır. Otobüs sitemlerinin performansının ele alındığı birçok çalışmada,
kullanıcı ve işletmeci faydalarını eniyileyen yaklaşımlar üzerinde
durulmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada, kentiçi otobüs ağlarındaki sefer sıklıklarını eniyileyen
iki-seviyeli bir simülasyon/optimizasyon modeli geliştirilmektedir. Üst
seviyede, işletmeci ve kullanıcı maliyetlerini temsil eden bir amaç fonksiyonunun
çözümü için sezgisel Armoni Araştırması (AA) optimizasyon tekniği tabanlı bir
model önerilmektedir. Alt seviyede ise talebin toplu taşıma ağına dağılımını
temsil eden toplu taşıma ataması problemi çözülmektedir. Önerilen modelde,
aktarma bekleme sürelerinin kesin hesabı için zaman çizelgesi tabanlı toplu
taşıma ataması yaklaşımı kullanılmakta ve toplu taşıma ataması problemi logit
tabanlı bir modele dayalı olarak VISUM yazılımı ile çözülmektedir. Geliştirilen model, toplu taşıma ağ tasarımı çalışmalarında
yaygın olarak kullanılan bir test ağına uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, AA tabanlı modelin sefer sıklığı
optimizasyonu probleminin çözümünde etkin olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya
koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kentsel toplu taşıma, Otobüs taşımacılığı, Armoni araştırması, Toplu taşıma ataması, VISUM

Optimization of service frequencies in bus networks with harmony search algorithm: An application on Mandl’s test network

Öz

In
developing countries, efforts to increase the efficiency of bus transportation,
which is the most common type of urban public transport systems, have been
increasing in recent years. Many studies addressing the performance of bus
systems focus on approaches to optimizing user and operator benefits. In this
study, a bi-level simulation/optimization model is developed to optimize
service frequencies in urban bus networks. At the upper level, a meta-heuristic
Harmony Search (HS) optimization technique based model is proposed for solving
an objective function that represents operator and user costs. At the lower
level, the transit assignment problem, which represents the distribution of
demand over the transit network, is solved. In the proposed model, a time-table
based transit assignment approach is used for the exact calculation of transfer
wait times, and the transit assignment problem is solved using VISUM software
based on a logit-based choice model. The developed model has been applied to a
test network that is widely used in transit network design studies. The results
show that the HS based model can be used effectively to solve the service
frequency optimization problem.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urban transit, Bus transportation, Harmony search, Transit assignment, VISUM

Kaynakça

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