Arıtılmış kentsel atıksuların tarımsal sulama amaçlı kullanımı

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 6, 1161 - 1168, 18.12.2018

Mesut Ak İlayda Top

Öz

Dünya’da
suya olan ihtiyacın gün geçtikçe artmasına bağlı olarak özellikle kentsel
atıksular hacimleri ve içerdikleri besin maddeleri nedeniyle tarımsal sulamada
cazip hale gelmiştir. Atıksular Dünya’nın birçok bölgesinde su kıtlığı ya da
ekonomik nedenlerle tarımsal sulamada yaygın bir şekilde arıtılarak, kısmi
arıtılarak, seyreltilerek ya da hiç arıtılmadan kullanılmaktadır. Fakat çoğu
endüstriyel atıksuya kıyasla kentsel atıksular daha az kompleks ve kolay
giderilebilir kirleticiler içerse de bu kirleticiler giderilmedikleri takdirde
kısa ve uzun dönemde insan ve çevre için tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu
kirleticilerden en önemlisi insan sağlığını direk tehdit eden patojenlerdir.
Patojenler haricinde atıksu içerisinde birçok askıda ya da çözünmüş organik ve
inorganik kirletici bulunmaktadır. Bu kirleticiler de uzun dönemli bir sulama
sonucunda birikerek toprak yapısında fiziksel ve kimyasal bozulmalara, yerüstü
ve yeraltı sularında direk ya da dolaylı yoldan insan hayatını tehdit edecek
kirlenmelere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle sürdürülebilir bir tarımsal sulama
için atıksuların bu amaçla kullanımları öncesi muhakkak uygun bir şekilde
arıtılmaları ve kirletici konsantrasyonlarının sürekli kontrol edilmesi
gerekmektedir. Arıtmanın derecesi ve kullanılacak teknolojiler o ülkenin ya da
Dünya Sağlık Teşkilatı’nın belirlediği kirleticiler ve limit değerleri esas
alınarak seçilebilir. Yapılan birçok çalışma uygun bir şekilde arıtılmış
atıksuların tarımsal sulamada çiğ yenen meyve ve sebzeler de dahil olmak üzere
kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arıtılmış atıksu, Kentsel atıksu, Tekrar kullanım, Tarımsal sulama

Use of treated municipal wastewater for agricultural irrigation

Öz

Owing
to the growing need for water in the world, municipal wastewaters have become
attractive in agricultural irrigation especially due to their volume and
nutrient contain. Wastewater is used in many parts of the world in a widespread
manner, by treated, by partial treated, by dilution or by no treated, for water
scarcity or economic reasons in agricultural irrigation. But compared to most
industrial wastewater, municipal wastewaters are less complex and contain
easily removable pollutants, but they are a threat to human and environment in
the short and long term if these pollutants are not removed. The most important
of these pollutants are pathogens directly threatening human health. Except
pathogens, there are many suspended or dissolved organic and inorganic
contaminants in wastewater. These pollutants accumulate in the result of
long-term irrigation, resulting in physical and chemical deteriorations in soil
structure and contamination of surface and groundwater threatening human life
directly or indirectly. For this reason, for sustainable agricultural irrigation,
wastewaters must be purified appropriately before their use for this purpose,
and pollutant concentrations must be constantly controlled. The grade of the
treatment and the technologies to be used can be selected based on the
pollutants and limit values determined by that country or the World Health
Organization. Many studies have shown that suitably treated wastewaters can be
used in agricultural irrigation, including raw fruits and vegetables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Treated wastewater, Municipal wastewater, Reuse, Agricultural irrigation

Kaynakça

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