Sırt sırta takviyeli toprak duvarların parametrik analizi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 247 - 256, 28.06.2019

Mehrdad Tajabadi Pour Behzad Kalantari

Öz

Son
yıllarda, Takviye Edilmiş toprak yapılar, uygun performans, tasarım çeşitleri
ve inşaat yöntemleri nedeniyle inşaat ve inşaat mühendisliği projelerinde daha
cazip hale gelmiştir. Bu yazıda sırt sırta takviyeli toprak duvarların
performansı değerlendirilmiş ve incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, iç sürtünme açısı,
zeminin birim hacim, adezyon gibi farklı parametrelerin 1.5 m kalınlıktaki
tabakalardaki farklı zemin malzemelerinin kullanımı ve takviye edici özellikleri
gibi tanımlamalar değerlendirilmiştir. Duvarın temelinin geoteknik
özelliklerinden ayrıntılı bilgi için, 30 m derinliğine varan bir sondaj
yapılmış ve iranın Hormozgan ilinde geoteknik testler yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar
daha az uzunluk ve Çekme mukavemeti daha yüksek iç sürtünme açısı ve Adezyon
ile birlikte kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, farklı katmanlarda
malzeme kullanma daha uygun bir performans üretir, takviye elemanlarının
optimizasyon ve mukavemeti azalır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güçlendirilmiş jeosentetik toprak duvarlar, Sınırlı eleman, Şekil değiştirme, Duraylılık

Parametric analysis of back-to-back reinforced earth retaining walls

Öz

In
recent years, Reinforced Earth retaining structures have become more desirable
for construction and civil engineering projects because of their suitable
performance, variation of design and construction methods. In this article, the
performance of back-to-back reinforced earth walls has been evaluated and
analyzed. Throughout the article, the effect of different parameters such as
angle of internal friction, soil unit weight, cohesion, using different
materials in layers with 1.5 m thickness and reinforcing elements'
specifications has been analyzed. For detailed information from the site of the
wall, a borehole was drilled to a depth of 30 m and geotechnical tests were
done in Hormozgan province (Iran). The results show that the lower length and
tensile strength can be used with higher angle of internal friction and
adhesion. Also, utilizing material in different layers produces a more
favorable performance, optimization and decreases the strength of reinforcer
elements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geosynthetic reinforced soil walls, Finite element, Deformation, Stability

Kaynakça

• Qhaderi R, Vafaeian M, Hashemolhoseini HA. “Parametric study of the behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil slopes”. International Journal of Engineering-Materials and Energy Research Center, 18(4), 371,-389, 2005.
• Subaida EA, Chandrakaran S, Sankar N. “Experimental investigations on tensile and pullout behaviour of woven coir geotextiles”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 26(5), 384-392, 2008.
• Bilgin Ö. “Failure mechanisms governing reinforcement length of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls”. Engineering Structures, 31(9),1967-1975, 2009.
• Siaovashnia M, Kalantari F, Shakiba A. “Assessment of geotextile reinforced embankment on soft clay soil”. 1st International Applied Geological Congress, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran, 26-28 April 2010.
• Huang B, Bathurst RJ, Hatami K, Allen TM, “Influence of toe restraint on reinforced soil segmental walls”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47(8), 885-904, 2010.
• de la Fuente A, Aguado A, Molins C, Armengou J. “Innovations on components and testing for precast panels to be used in reinforced earth retaining walls”. Construction and Building Materials, 25(5), 2198-2205, 2011.
• Noorzad R, Mirmoradi SH. “Laboratory evaluation of the behavior of a geotextile reinforced clay”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 28(4), 386-392, 2010.
• Abdelouhab A, Dias D, Freitag N. “Numerical analysis of the behaviour of mechanically stabilized earth walls reinforced with different types of strips”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 29(2), 116-129,2011.
• Sengupta A. “Numerical study of a failure of a reinforced earth retaining wall”. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 30(4),1025-1034, 2012.
• Esfandiari J, Selamat MR. “Laboratory investigation on the effect of transverse member on pull out capacity of metal strip reinforcement in sand”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 35, 41-49, 2012.
• Alam M, Lo S. “Numerical modeling of the pull-out test of steel grid soil reinforcement using FLAC2D”. In Geo-Congress, 2013.
• Mirmoradi SH, Ehrlich M, Dieguez C. “Evaluation of the combined effect of toe resistance and facing inclination on the behavior of GRS walls”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 44(3), 287-294, 2016.
• Shehata F. “Retaining walls with relief shelves”. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, doi 10.1007, 2016.
• Tajabadipour M. Marandi M. “Effect of rubber tire chips-sand mixtures on performance of geosynthetic reinforced earth walls”. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 61(2), 322-334, 2016.
• Schanz T. “On the modelling of mechanical behaviour of frictional materials (Zur Modellierung des Mechanischen Verhaltens Von Reibungsmaterialen)”. Habilitation dissertation, University of Stuttgart, in German, 1998.
• Schanz T. Vermeer PA. “Angles of friction and dilatancy of sand”. Géotechnique, 46, 145-151, 1996.
• Schanz, T. Vermeer PA. “Special issue on Pre-failure deformation behaviour of geomaterials”. Géotechnique, 48, 383-387, 1998.
• Schanz T, Vermeer PA, Bonnier PG. “Formulation and verification of the hardening-soil model”. In: R.B.J. Brinkgreve, Beyond 2000 in Computational Geotechnics. Balkema, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, 18-20 March 1999.
• Vermeer PA, Stolle DFE, Bonnier PG. “From the classical theory of secondary compression to modern creep analysis”. 9th International Conference Computer Methods and Advanced Geomech, Wuhan, China, 2-7 November 1998.
• ASTM. “Standard Practice of use Scrap tires in Civil Engineering”. D6270-98, Pelsinvanya, USA, 1998.
• AASHTO Standard specifications for highway bridges. Seventeenth ed., American association of state highway and transportation officials, Inc., Washington (DC), 2002.
• PLAXIS PLAXIS version 8.2. “Reference Manual". http://www.plaxis.nl.com, (01.01.2005).
• Koerner RM, Soong TY. “Geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining walls”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 19(6), 359-386, 2001.
• Leshchinsky D. “On global equilibrium in design of geosynthetic reinforced walls”. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135(3), 309-315, 2009.
• Karpurapu R, Bathurst RJ. “Behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls using the finite element method”. Computers and Geotechnics, 17(3), 279-299, 1995.
• Rowe RK, Ho S. “Continuous panel reinforced soil walls on rigid foundations”. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental engineering, 123(10), 912-920, 1997.
• Ling HI, Liu H, Mohri Y. “Parametric studies on the behavior of reinforced soil retaining walls under earthquake loading”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 131(10), 1056-1065, 2005.
• Yoo C, Jung HY. “Case history of geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining wall failure”. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(12), 1538-1548, 2006.
• Park T, Tan SA. “Enhanced performance of reinforced soil walls by the inclusion of short fiber”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 23(4), 348-361,2005.
• Won MS, Kim YS. “Internal deformation behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 25(1), 10-22, 2007.
• Bergado DT, Youwai S, Teerawattanasuk C, Visudmedanukul P. “The interaction mechanism and behavior of hexagonal wire mesh reinforced embankment with silty sand backfill on soft clay”. Computers and Geotechnics, 30(6), 517-534,2003.
• Sieira ACC, Gerscovich DM, Sayao AS. “Displacement and load transfer mechanisms of geogrids under pullout condition”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 27(4), 241-253,2009.
• FHWA. “Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes. Design and Constructions Guidelines”. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, 2001.
• Jewell RA, Milligan GW. “Deformation calculation for reinforced soil walls”. 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Delhi, 5-10 January 1994.
• NCMA. Design Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls. 2nd ed. Collin, Herndon, 2002.
• Wu JT, Pham TQ, Adams MT. “Composite behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil mass”. 2013.
• Kondner RL. A Hyperbolic Stress-Strain Formulation for Sands. USA, Northwestern University, 1963.
• Duncan JM. Chang CY. “Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils”. Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations Division, 96(5), 1629-1653, 1970.
• Petersen DL. “Recommended design specifications for live load distribution to buried structures”. Transportation Research Board, 647, 2010.
• FHWA. “Design and Construction of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes–Volume I”. Design and Constructions Guidelines”. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, 2009.