Sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu biyoyakıt hammaddesi: Mikroalgler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 304 - 319, 28.06.2019

Sevil Çalışkan Eleren , Burak Öner

Öz

Son
yıllarda petrol rezervlerinin hızlı tüketilmesi ve buna bağlı olarak meydana
gelen sera gazlarının çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkileri neticesinde, endüstriyel
ekonomi ve toplum tüketimi için sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu alternatif enerji
kaynağı olan mikroalgler ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, biyoyakıt
üretim proseslerinin seçimini etkileyen mikroalglerin kimyasal kompozisyonu,
mikroalg kültürü yetiştirilmesini etkileyen faktörler, kültür yetiştirmede
kullanılan sistemler, biyoyakıt üretim prosesleri ve ekonomik analizleri
incelenmiştir. Mikroalglerin içeriği, dönüştürme proseslerini etkilemekte ve
elde edilen biyoyakıtlar farklılık göstermektedir. Bu inceleme neticesinde,
mikroalgler kullanılarak biyodizel, biyoetanol, metan ve mikroalg kalıntılarının
yakılması veya gazlaştırılması ile ısı ve elektrik üretiminin söz konusu
olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut teknolojiler ile biyoyakıt üretimi için
alg yetiştirilmesinin tam ölçekli uygulamaları oldukça pahalıdır. Alg üretim
maliyetlerini azaltmak için bölgesel enerji santralleri veya endüstriyel baca
gazı ve atıksu arıtma tesisleri etkili ve entegre bir şekilde kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikroalg, Biyoyakıt, Baca gazı, Atıksu arıtımı

Sustainable and eco-friendly raw materials for biofuels: Microalgae

Öz

Microalgae,
a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source for the
industrial economy and community consumption, has come to the forefront in
recent years due to the rapid depletion of oil reserves and consequent negative
effects of greenhouse gases on the environment. In this study, the chemical
composition of microalgae affecting the selection of biofuel production
processes, factors affecting microalgae cultivation, cultivated systems,
biofuel production processes and its economic analysis are examined. The
content of microalgae affects the conversion processes, and the obtained
biofuels from microalgae show differences. As a result of this investigation,
it has been concluded that the heat and electricity production may be obtained
from burning or gasification of microalgae residues. Biodiesel, bioethanol and
methane can also be produced using microalgae. The full-scale applications of
algae cultivation for biofuel production with existing technologies are quite
expensive. To reduce algal production costs, the regional power plants or the
industrial flue gas and the wastewater treatment plants should be used in an
effectively and integrally.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microalgae, Biofuel, Flue gas, Wastewater treatment

Kaynakça

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