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Investigation of waste animal fat based biodiesel fuels’ usage in a common rail direct injection diesel engine: Performance and combustion characteristics

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 396 - 402, 28.08.2019

Öz

In
this study, biodiesel fuels were produced from waste chicken fat and waste
fleshing oil with high free fatty acids, and those were tested in a common
rail-DI diesel engine at constant engine speed of 2000 rpm and five different
engine loads (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Nm). The effects of biodiesel fuels on
the engine’s performance and combustion characteristics were investigated in
comparison with petroleum-based diesel fuel (PBDF) which was the reference fuel.
As compared to PBDF, brake specific fuel consumptions of biodiesels were higher
but their thermal efficiencies were lower. The differences between performance
characteristics became more pronounced with increasing engine load. In-cylinder
pressures which were attained in pilot injection were higher with PBDF at all
engine loads, while higher pressures were attained in main injection with
biodiesel fuels at 125 and 150 Nm. The most critical differences between
in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates were found at 125 Nm. The ignition
delays varied with engine load; but for all test fuels it usually increased
with engine load. While the combustion durations of biodiesel fuels were close
to each other, PBDF’s combustion durations were relatively higher at all engine
loads tested.

Kaynakça

  • Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu. “Petrol Piyasası Sektör Raporu 2016”. www.epdk.org.tr/TR/Dokumanlar/Petrol/YayinlarRaporlar/Yillik (30.01.2018).
  • Resmi Gazete. “Motorin Türlerine Biodiesel Harmanlanması Hakkında Tebliğ”. www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/06/20170616-8.htm (30.01.2018).
  • Bitkisel Yağ Sanayicileri Derneği Türkiye İstatistikleri. www.bsyd.org.tr/Istatistikler.aspx (30.01.2018).
  • Resmi Gazete. “Motorin Türlerine İlişkin Teknik Düzenleme Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ”. www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/09/20110927-4.htm (30.01.2018).
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M, Sanli H. “Biodiesel production from vegetable oil and waste animal fats in a pilot plant”. Waste Management, 34(11), 2146-2154, 2014.
  • Reddy ANR, Salah AA, Islam MS, Hamdan S, Rezaur MH, Masjuki HH. “Experimental evaluation of fatty acid composition influence on jatropha biodiesel physicochemical properties”. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 10(1), 0131103 2018.
  • Ramos MJ, Fernandez CM, Casas A, Rodriguez L, Perez A. “Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties”. Bioresource Technology, 100(1), 261-268, 2009.
  • Canakci M, Sanli H. “Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties”. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35(5), 431-441, 2008.
  • Knothe G. “Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters”. Fuel Processing Technology, 86, 1059-1070, 2005.
  • Martinez G, Sanchez N, Encinar JM, Gonzalez JF. “Fuel properties of biodiesel from vegetable oils and oil mixtures. Influence of methyl ester distribution”. Biomass and Bioenergy, 63, 22-32, 2014.
  • Buyukkaya E, Soyhan HS, Gokalp B. “Effects of rapeseed oil addition to a diesel fuel on thermodynamic efficiencies”. International Journal of Exergy, 14(1), 101-124, 2014.
  • Can O. “Combustion Characteristics, Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with a Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Mixture”. Energy Conversion and Management, 87, 676-686, 2014.
  • Buyukkaya E. “Effects of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics”. Fuel, 89(10), 3099-3105, 2010.
  • Shahir VK, Jawahar CP, Suresh PR, Vinod V. “Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of a common rail direct injection engine using animal fat biodiesel blends”. Energy Procedia, 117, 283-290, 2017.
  • Behcet R, Oktay H, Cakmak A, Aydin H. “Comparison of exhaust emissions of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends produced from animal fats”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 46, 157-165, 2015.
  • Emiroglu AO, Keskin A, Sen M. “Experimental investigation of the effects of turkey rendering fat biodiesel on combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine”. Fuel, 216, 266-273, 2018.
  • Canakci M, Van Gerpen J. “Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids”. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 44, 1429-1436, 2001.
  • Adewale P, Dumont MJ, Ngadi M. “Recent trends of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes and associated production techniques”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 574-588, 2015.
  • Kirubakaran M, Selvan VAM. “A comprehensive review of low cost biodiesel production from waste chicken fat”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82(1), 390-401, 2018.
  • Verma P, Sharma MP. “Review of process parameters for biodiesel production from different feedstocks”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 1063-1071, 2016.
  • Bankovic-Ilic IB, Stojkovic IJ, Stamenkovic OS, Veljkovic VB. “Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 238-254, 2014.
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M. “Optimization of pretreatment reaction for methyl ester production from chicken fat.” Fuel, 89(12), 4035-4039, 2010.
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M. “Optimization of transesterification for methyl ester production from chicken fat.”. Fuel, 90(8), 2630-2638, 2011.
  • Sayin C, Gumus M, Canakci M. “Effect of fuel injection pressure on the injection, combustion and performance characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with canola oil methyl esters-diesel fuel blends”. Biomass and Bioenergy, 46, 435-446, 2012.
  • Dhamele N, Parthasarathy RN, Gollahalli SR. “Effects of turbulence on the combustion of partially premixed flames of canola methyl ester and diesel blends”. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-13, 2011.
  • Barrios CC, Dominguez-Saez A, Martin C, Alvarez P. “Effects of animal fat based biodiesel on a TDI diesel engine performance, combustion and particle number and size distribution”. Fuel, 117, 618-623, 2014.
  • Jeong K, Lee D, Park S, Lee CS. “Effect of two-stage fuel injection parameters on NOx reduction characteristics in a DI diesel engine”. Energies, 4(12), 2049-2060, 2011.
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M, Ozsezen AN, Turkcan A, Sanli H. “Using waste animal fat based biodiesels-bioethanol-diesel fuel blends in a DI diesel engine”. Fuel, 157, 245-254, 2015.
  • Li Z, Wu Y, Yang H, Cai C, Zhang H, Hashiguchi K. “Effect of liquid viscosity on atomization in an internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer”. Fuel, 103, 486-494, 2013.
  • Ejim CE, Fleck BA, Amirfazli A. “Analytic study for atomization of biodiesel and their blends in a typical injector: Surface tension and viscosity effects”. Fuel, 86(10), 1534-1544, 2007.
  • Selvam DJP, Vadivel K. “Performance and emission analysis of a DI diesel engine fuelled with methyl esters of beef tallow and diesel blends”. Procedia Engineering, 38, 342-358, 2012.
  • Awad S, Loubar K, Tazerout M. “Experimental investigation on the combustion, performance and pollutant emissions of biodiesel from animal fat residues on a direct injection diesel engine”. Energy, 69, 826-836, 2014.
  • Sanli H, Canakci M, Alptekin E, Turkcan A, Ozsezen AN. “Effects of waste frying oil based methyl and ethyl biodiesel fuels on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine”. Fuel, 159, 179-187, 2015.
  • Oner C, Altun S. “Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in direct injection diesel engine”. Applied Energy, 86(10), 2114-2120, 2009.
  • Hazar H. “Cotton methyl ester usage in a diesel engine equipped with insulated combustion chamber”. Applied Energy, 87(1), 134-140, 2010.
  • Tziourtzioumis D, Stamatelos A. “Effect of a 70% biodiesel blend on the fuel injection system operation during steady-state and transient performance of a common rail diesel engine”. Energy Conversion and Management, 60, 56-67, 2012.
  • Alptekin E. “Emission, injection and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and oxygenated fuel blends in a common rail diesel engine”. Energy, 119, 44-52, 2017.

Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 396 - 402, 28.08.2019

Öz

Bu
çalışmada, yüksek serbest yağ asidi içeriğine sahip atık tavuk yağı ve atık
deri yağından biyomotorin yakıtları üretilmiş ve ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli
bir diesel motorda 2000 d/d sabit motor devrinde ve beş farklı motor yükünde
(50, 75, 100, 125 ve 150 Nm) test edilmişlerdir. Biyomotorinlerin motor
performans ve yanma karakteristikleri üzerindeki etkileri referans yakıt olan
petrol türevi diesel yakıtı (motorin) ile karşılaştırılmalı olarak
incelenmiştir. Motorine kıyasla; biyomotorin yakıtların fren özgül yakıt
tüketimleri daha yüksek, termik verimleri ise daha düşük olmuştur. Performans
karakteristikleri arasındaki farklar motor yükü ile daha belirgin bir hal almıştır.
Pilot püskürtmede motorin ile tüm motor yüklerinde daha yüksek basınç
değerlerine ulaşılırken, 125 ve 150 Nm yük şartlarında ana püskürtmede
biyomotorinler ile daha yüksek basınçlar elde edilmiştir. Silindir içi basıncı
ve ısı yayılım oranları arasındaki en kritik fark 125 Nm’de görülmüştür.
Tutuşma gecikmesi süreleri motor yükü ile farklılıklar göstermiş; fakat tüm
yakıtlar için genellikle motor yükü ile birlikte artmıştır. Biyomotorin
yakıtların yanma süreleri birbirlerine yakınken, tüm motor yüklerinde motorinin
yanma süresi daha uzun olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu. “Petrol Piyasası Sektör Raporu 2016”. www.epdk.org.tr/TR/Dokumanlar/Petrol/YayinlarRaporlar/Yillik (30.01.2018).
  • Resmi Gazete. “Motorin Türlerine Biodiesel Harmanlanması Hakkında Tebliğ”. www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/06/20170616-8.htm (30.01.2018).
  • Bitkisel Yağ Sanayicileri Derneği Türkiye İstatistikleri. www.bsyd.org.tr/Istatistikler.aspx (30.01.2018).
  • Resmi Gazete. “Motorin Türlerine İlişkin Teknik Düzenleme Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ”. www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/09/20110927-4.htm (30.01.2018).
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M, Sanli H. “Biodiesel production from vegetable oil and waste animal fats in a pilot plant”. Waste Management, 34(11), 2146-2154, 2014.
  • Reddy ANR, Salah AA, Islam MS, Hamdan S, Rezaur MH, Masjuki HH. “Experimental evaluation of fatty acid composition influence on jatropha biodiesel physicochemical properties”. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 10(1), 0131103 2018.
  • Ramos MJ, Fernandez CM, Casas A, Rodriguez L, Perez A. “Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties”. Bioresource Technology, 100(1), 261-268, 2009.
  • Canakci M, Sanli H. “Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties”. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35(5), 431-441, 2008.
  • Knothe G. “Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters”. Fuel Processing Technology, 86, 1059-1070, 2005.
  • Martinez G, Sanchez N, Encinar JM, Gonzalez JF. “Fuel properties of biodiesel from vegetable oils and oil mixtures. Influence of methyl ester distribution”. Biomass and Bioenergy, 63, 22-32, 2014.
  • Buyukkaya E, Soyhan HS, Gokalp B. “Effects of rapeseed oil addition to a diesel fuel on thermodynamic efficiencies”. International Journal of Exergy, 14(1), 101-124, 2014.
  • Can O. “Combustion Characteristics, Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with a Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Mixture”. Energy Conversion and Management, 87, 676-686, 2014.
  • Buyukkaya E. “Effects of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics”. Fuel, 89(10), 3099-3105, 2010.
  • Shahir VK, Jawahar CP, Suresh PR, Vinod V. “Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of a common rail direct injection engine using animal fat biodiesel blends”. Energy Procedia, 117, 283-290, 2017.
  • Behcet R, Oktay H, Cakmak A, Aydin H. “Comparison of exhaust emissions of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends produced from animal fats”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 46, 157-165, 2015.
  • Emiroglu AO, Keskin A, Sen M. “Experimental investigation of the effects of turkey rendering fat biodiesel on combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine”. Fuel, 216, 266-273, 2018.
  • Canakci M, Van Gerpen J. “Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids”. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 44, 1429-1436, 2001.
  • Adewale P, Dumont MJ, Ngadi M. “Recent trends of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes and associated production techniques”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 574-588, 2015.
  • Kirubakaran M, Selvan VAM. “A comprehensive review of low cost biodiesel production from waste chicken fat”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82(1), 390-401, 2018.
  • Verma P, Sharma MP. “Review of process parameters for biodiesel production from different feedstocks”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 1063-1071, 2016.
  • Bankovic-Ilic IB, Stojkovic IJ, Stamenkovic OS, Veljkovic VB. “Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 238-254, 2014.
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M. “Optimization of pretreatment reaction for methyl ester production from chicken fat.” Fuel, 89(12), 4035-4039, 2010.
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M. “Optimization of transesterification for methyl ester production from chicken fat.”. Fuel, 90(8), 2630-2638, 2011.
  • Sayin C, Gumus M, Canakci M. “Effect of fuel injection pressure on the injection, combustion and performance characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with canola oil methyl esters-diesel fuel blends”. Biomass and Bioenergy, 46, 435-446, 2012.
  • Dhamele N, Parthasarathy RN, Gollahalli SR. “Effects of turbulence on the combustion of partially premixed flames of canola methyl ester and diesel blends”. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-13, 2011.
  • Barrios CC, Dominguez-Saez A, Martin C, Alvarez P. “Effects of animal fat based biodiesel on a TDI diesel engine performance, combustion and particle number and size distribution”. Fuel, 117, 618-623, 2014.
  • Jeong K, Lee D, Park S, Lee CS. “Effect of two-stage fuel injection parameters on NOx reduction characteristics in a DI diesel engine”. Energies, 4(12), 2049-2060, 2011.
  • Alptekin E, Canakci M, Ozsezen AN, Turkcan A, Sanli H. “Using waste animal fat based biodiesels-bioethanol-diesel fuel blends in a DI diesel engine”. Fuel, 157, 245-254, 2015.
  • Li Z, Wu Y, Yang H, Cai C, Zhang H, Hashiguchi K. “Effect of liquid viscosity on atomization in an internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer”. Fuel, 103, 486-494, 2013.
  • Ejim CE, Fleck BA, Amirfazli A. “Analytic study for atomization of biodiesel and their blends in a typical injector: Surface tension and viscosity effects”. Fuel, 86(10), 1534-1544, 2007.
  • Selvam DJP, Vadivel K. “Performance and emission analysis of a DI diesel engine fuelled with methyl esters of beef tallow and diesel blends”. Procedia Engineering, 38, 342-358, 2012.
  • Awad S, Loubar K, Tazerout M. “Experimental investigation on the combustion, performance and pollutant emissions of biodiesel from animal fat residues on a direct injection diesel engine”. Energy, 69, 826-836, 2014.
  • Sanli H, Canakci M, Alptekin E, Turkcan A, Ozsezen AN. “Effects of waste frying oil based methyl and ethyl biodiesel fuels on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine”. Fuel, 159, 179-187, 2015.
  • Oner C, Altun S. “Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in direct injection diesel engine”. Applied Energy, 86(10), 2114-2120, 2009.
  • Hazar H. “Cotton methyl ester usage in a diesel engine equipped with insulated combustion chamber”. Applied Energy, 87(1), 134-140, 2010.
  • Tziourtzioumis D, Stamatelos A. “Effect of a 70% biodiesel blend on the fuel injection system operation during steady-state and transient performance of a common rail diesel engine”. Energy Conversion and Management, 60, 56-67, 2012.
  • Alptekin E. “Emission, injection and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and oxygenated fuel blends in a common rail diesel engine”. Energy, 119, 44-52, 2017.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Şanlı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Şanlı, H. (2019). Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(4), 396-402.
AMA Şanlı H. Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Ağustos 2019;25(4):396-402.
Chicago Şanlı, Hüseyin. “Atık Hayvansal Yağ kökenli Biyomotorin yakıtların Ortak-Hat Direkt püskürtmeli Bir Diesel Motorda kullanımının Incelenmesi: Performans Ve Yanma Karakteristikleri”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, sy. 4 (Ağustos 2019): 396-402.
EndNote Şanlı H (01 Ağustos 2019) Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25 4 396–402.
IEEE H. Şanlı, “Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 4, ss. 396–402, 2019.
ISNAD Şanlı, Hüseyin. “Atık Hayvansal Yağ kökenli Biyomotorin yakıtların Ortak-Hat Direkt püskürtmeli Bir Diesel Motorda kullanımının Incelenmesi: Performans Ve Yanma Karakteristikleri”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25/4 (Ağustos 2019), 396-402.
JAMA Şanlı H. Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;25:396–402.
MLA Şanlı, Hüseyin. “Atık Hayvansal Yağ kökenli Biyomotorin yakıtların Ortak-Hat Direkt püskürtmeli Bir Diesel Motorda kullanımının Incelenmesi: Performans Ve Yanma Karakteristikleri”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 396-02.
Vancouver Şanlı H. Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;25(4):396-402.





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