Karbon ve bazalt elyaf tabakalı hibrit epoksi kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 499 - 505, 31.08.2022

Mehmet İskender Özsoy

Öz

Karbon fiber katkılı epoksi kompozitlerin yapısal komponentlerde geniş bir alanda kullanılmalarına karşılık gevrek bir yapıya sahip olmaları nedeniyle bu malzemelerin tokluklarını arttırmaya gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu amaçla karbon fiberlere göre daha sünek davranış gösteren bazalt fiberler ile hibrit kompozitler üretilerek kompozitlerin mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tabakalı kompozitler vakum infüzyon yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. Kompozitler saf karbon, saf bazalt, ardışık ve sandviç tip hibrit olarak üretilerek hibritleşme türünün mekanik özellikler üzerindeki etkileri çalışılmıştır. Kompozitlerin mekanik özellikleri çekme, eğilme ve Charpy darbe testleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Testler sonunda hibrit kompozitlerin mekanik değerleri karbon ve bazalt fiberler arasında çıkmıştır. Karbon fibere bazalt fiber ilavesi ile kompozitlerin çekme dayanımı, eğilme dayanımı ve elastisite modülü azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte bazalt elyafın eklenmesi ile karbon fiber kompozitlerin darbe performansları iyileşmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karbon fiber, Bazalt fiber, Tabakalı kompozitler, Mekanik özellikler

Investigation of the mechanical properties of carbon and basalt fiber laminated hybrid epoxy composites

Öz

Although carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are used in a wide area on structural components, there is a need to increase the toughness of these materials due to their brittle structure. For this purpose, hybrid composites were produced with basalt fibers, which show more ductile behavior than carbon fibers and the mechanical features of the composites were investigated. Layered composites were produced by vacuum infusion method. The effects of hybridization type on mechanical features were studied by producing composites as pure carbon, pure basalt, intercalated and sandwich type hybrids. The mechanical behaviors of the specimens were evaluated by tensile, flexural and Charpy impact tests. At the end of the tests, the mechanical values of the hybrid laminate composites were found between carbon and basalt composites. Adding basalt fiber to carbon fiber, the tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the composites decreased. However, the impact performance of carbon fiber composites improved with adding basalt fiber.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbon fiber, Basalt fiber, Laminate composites, Mechanical properties

Kaynakça

• [1] Li AJ, Zhang JJ, Zhang FZ, Li L, Z SP, Yang YH. “Effects of fiber and matrix properties on the compression strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites”. New Carbon Materials, 35(6), 752-761, 2020.
• [2] Rajak DP, Pagar DD, Menezes PL, Linul E. “Fiberreinforced polymer composites: manufacturing, properties, and applications”. Polymers, 11(10), 1-37, 2019.
• [3] Park H, Jung H, Yu J, Park M, Kim SY. “Carbon fiberreinforced plastics based on epoxy resin toughened with core shell rubber impact modifiers”. E-Polymers, 15(6), 369-375, 2015.
• [4] Xiao C, Tan Y, Wang X, Gao L,Wang L, Qi Z. “Study on interfacial and mechanical improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by depositing multi-walled carbon nanotubes on fibers”. Chemical Physics Letters, 703, 8-16, 2018.z
• [5] Chiou YC, Chou HY, Shen MY. “Effects of adding graphene nanoplatelets and nanocarbon aerogels to epoxy resins and their carbon fiber composites”. Materials and Design, 178, 1-11, 2019.
• [6] Saghafi H, Fotouhi M, Minak G. “Improvement of the ımpact properties of composite laminates by means of nano-modification of the matrix-a review”. Applied Sciences, 8(12), 1-26, 2018.
• [7] Hutschreuther J, Kunz R, Breu J, Altstädt V. “Influence of particle size on toughening mechanisms of layered silicates in CFRP”. Materials, 13(10), 1-16, 2020.
• [8] Atmakuri A, Palevicius A, Vilkauskas, A, Janusas G. “Review of hybrid fiber based composites with nano particlesmaterial properties and applications”. Polymers, 12(9), 1-30, 2020.
• [9] Wong, DWY, Zhang H, Bilotti, E, Peijs T. “Interlaminar toughening of woven fabric carbon/epoxy composite laminates using hybrid aramid/phenoxy interleaves”. Composites: Part A, 101, 151-159, 2017.
• [10] Subadra SP, P, Yousef S. “Low velocity impact and pseudoductile behaviour of carbon/glass/epoxy and carbon/glass/PMMA hybrid composite laminates for aircraft application at service temperature”. Polymer Testing, 89, 1-10, 2020.
• [11] Zacarías EA, Pliego AA, Mayén J, Ocampo JO, Ortega AB, Rosado WMA. “Experimental assessment of residual ıntegrity and balanced mechanical properties of GFRP/CFRP hybrid laminates under tensile and flexural conditions”. Applied Composite Materials, 27, 895-914, 2020.
• [12] Karthick SS, Vetrivel R. “Experimental analysis of carbon/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites with different carbon/glass fiber ratios”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(5), 6769-6780, 2016.
• [13] Papaa I, Boccarussob L, Langellac A, Loprestod V. “Carbon/Glass hybrid composite laminates in vinylester resin: bending and low velocity impact tests”. Composite Structures, 232, 1-11, 2019.
• [14] Jesthi DK, Nayak RK. “Evaluation of mechanical properties and morphology of seawater aged carbon and glass fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites”. Composites Part B:Engineering, 174, 1-9, 2019.
• [15] Enfedaque A, Aldareguia JMM, Galvez F, Gonzalez C, Llorca J. “Effect of Glass Fiber Hybridization on the behavior under ımpact of woven carbon fiber/epoxy laminates”. Journal of Composite Materials, 44(25), 3051-3068, 2010.
• [16] Zhang J, Chaisombat K, He S, Wang CH. “Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures”. Materials and Design, 36, 75-80, 2012.
• [17] Rogania A, Navarroa P, Margueta S, Ferreroa JF, Lanouette C. “Tensile post-impact behaviour of thin carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy hybridwoven laminates-Part I: Experimental study”. Composite Structures, 230, 1-16, 2019.
• [18] Hung PY, Lau KT, Cheng LK, Leng J, Hui D. “Impact response of hybrid carbon/glass fibre reinforced polymer composites designed for engineering applications”. Composites: Part B, 133, 86-90, 2018.
• [19] Dong C. “Flexural properties of symmetric carbon and glass fibre reinforced hybrid composite laminates”. Composites Part C: Open Access, 3, 1-7, 2020.
• [20] Erbayrak E, Yuncuoglu EU, Kahraman Y, Gumus BE. “An experimental and numerical determination on low velocity ımpact response of hybrid composite laminate”. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, 45, 665-681, 2021.
• [21] Julias AA, Murali V. “Experimental impact study on unidirectional glass-carbon hybrid composite laminate”. Science And Engineering of Composite Materials, 23(6), 721-728, 2016.
• [22] Fiore V, Scalici T, Bella GD, Valenza A. “A review on basalt fibre and its composites”. Composites Part B: Engineering, 74, 74-94, 2015.
• [23] Dhand V, Mittal G, Rhee KY, Park SJ, Hui D. “A short review on basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites”. Composites Part B: Engineering, 73, 166-180, 2015.
• [24] Shishevan FA, Akbulut H, Bonab MAM. “Low velocity impact behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composites”. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 26(6), 2890-2900, 2017.
• [25] Najafi M, Khalili SMR, Farsani RE. “Hybridization effect of basalt and carbon fibers on impact and flexural properties of phenolic composites”. Iranian Polymer Journal, 23(10), 767-773, 2014.
• [26] Dorigato A, Pegoretti A. “Flexural and impact behaviour of carbon/basalt fibers hybrid laminates”. Journal of Composite Materials, 48(9), 1121-1130, 2014.
• [27] Sarasini F, Tirillò J, Ferrante L, Valente M, Valente T, Lampani L, Gaudenzi P, Cioffi S, Iannace S, Sorrentino L. “Drop-Weight impact behaviour of woven hybrid basaltcarbon/epoxy composites”. Composites: Part B, 59, 204-220, 2014.
• [28] Sun G, Tong S, Chen D, Gong Z, Li Q. “Mechanical properties of hybrid composites reinforced by carbon and basalt fibers”. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 148, 636-651, 2018.
• [29] Subagia IDGA, Kim Y, Tijing LD, Kim CS, Shon HK. “Effect of stacking sequence on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced with carbon and basalt fibers”. Composites: Part B, 58, 251-258, 2014.
• [30] Chen D, Sun G, Meng M, Jind X, Li Q. “Flexural performance and cost efficiency of carbon/basalt/glass hybrid FRP composite laminates”. Thin-Walled Structures, 142, 516-531, 2019.
• [31] Chen D, Luo Q, Meng M, Sun G. “Low velocity impact behavior of interlayer hybrid composite laminates with carbon/glass/basalt fibres”. Composites Part B: Engineering, 176, 1-12, 2019.
• [32] Jesthi DK, Nayak R.” Improvement of mechanical properties of hybrid composites through interply rearrangement of glass and carbon woven fabrics for marine application”. Composites Part B: Engineering, 168, 467-475, 2019.
• [33] Şahin Y, Patrick DB. “Development of epoxy composites containing basalt and carbon fabrics and their mechanical behaviours”. International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics, 3(2), 1-15, 2018.
• [34] Dong CS, Ranaweera JHA, Davies IJ. “Flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced by S-2 glass and T700S carbon fibers”. Composites: Part B: Engineering, 43, 573-581, 2012.
• [35] Özbek Ö, Bozkurt ÖY, Erkliğ A. “Low velocity impact behaviors of basalt/epoxy reinforced composite laminates with different fiber orientations”. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 4(4), 197-202, 2020.
• [36] Subagia IDGA, Kim Y. “Tensile behavior of hybrid epoxy composite laminate containing carbon and basalt fibers”. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 21(2), 211-217, 2014.
• [37] Fiore V, Bellab GD, Valenza A. “Glass-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites for marine applications”. Materials and Design, 32(4), 2091-2099, 2011.
• [38] Caminero MA, Rodríguez GP, Muñoz V. “Effect of stacking sequence on Charpy impact and flexural damage behavior of composite laminates”. Composite Structures, 136, 345-357, 2016.
• [39] Shah SZH, Karuppanan S, Yusoff PSMM, Sajid Z. “Impact resistance and damage tolerance offiber reinforced composites: A review”. Composite Structures, 217, 100-121, 2019.