Adaptive droop controller design for energy management system in DC microgrid architectures

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 7, 692 - 700, 30.12.2023

Ahmet Kaysal , Selim Köroğlu , Yüksel Oğuz

Öz

In this study, the hierarchical two-level energy management system with an adaptive droop control approach is proposed for the microgrid system consisting of distributed generation units. The primary control layer controls the converters to transfer power from the distributed generation units as part of the hierarchical two-level control structure. The secondary control layer is used to improve current sharing accuracy and to provide DC bus voltage restoration. The DC microgrid system is analyzed using Thévenin's equivalent model and Kirchhoff's laws. The distribution generation units' current sharing parameters are obtained depending on the analysis results. The proposed adaptive droop control method is compared to the conventional droop control method. In the proposed system, the performance of the adaptive droop controller at 2250 W, where the demand is highest, is 9.65% better than the conventional method. Similarly, the proposed method performed 6.67% better in voltage regulation of the DC bus. The simulation results show that the designed control strategy increases the voltage restoration for the DC microgrid under variable operating conditions and provides better power sharing between the sources. Thus, the constraints of the conventional droop control method are improved by using the adaptive method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hierarchical energy management strategy, Microgrid, Adaptive droop control

DC mikro şebeke mimarilerinde enerji yönetim sistemi için uyarlanabilir düşüş denetleyici tasarımı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, dağıtık üretim birimlerinden oluşan mikro şebeke sistemi için uyarlamalı düşüş kontrolü yaklaşımına sahip hiyerarşik iki seviyeli bir enerji yönetim sistemi önerilmiştir. Hiyerarşik iki seviyeli kontrol yapısında dağıtık üretim birimlerinden aktarılacak güç, birincil kontrol katmanında dönüştürücülerin kontrol edilmesiyle sağlanmaktadır. İkincil kontrol katmanı, DC bara gerilim restorasyonunun sağlanması ve akım paylaşım doğruluğunun eşzamanlı olarak iyileştirilmesi amacıyla kullanılır. DC mikro şebeke sistemi Thévenin eşdeğer modeli ve Kirchhoff yasalarından faydalanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Dağıtık üretim birimlerinin akım paylaşım parametreleri, analiz sonuçlarına bağlı olarak elde edilmiştir. Önerilen uyarlanabilir düşüş kontrol yöntemi, geleneksel düşüş kontrol yöntemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen sistemde, talebin en yüksek olduğu 2250 W’lık güçte uyarlanabilir düşüş kontrolörün güç aktarımındaki performansı geleneksel yönteme göre 9.65% daha iyidir. Benzer şekilde önerilen yöntem, DC baranın gerilim regülasyonunda 6.67% daha iyi bir performans sergilemiştir. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki tasarlanan kontrol stratejisinin değişken çalışma koşulları altında DC mikro şebeke için gerilim restorasyonunu arttırdığı ve kaynaklar arasında daha iyi bir güç paylaşımı sağladığını göstermektedir. Böylece geleneksel düşüş kontrol yöntemindeki kısıtlar uyarlanabilir yöntemin kullanılmasıyla iyileştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hiyerarşik enerji yönetim stratejisi, Mikro şebeke, Uyarlanabilir düşüş kontrolü

Kaynakça

• [1] Zia MF, Nasir M, Elbouchikhi E, Benbouzid M, Vasquez JC, Guerrero JM. "Energy management system for a hybrid PV-Wind-Tidal-Battery-based islanded DC microgrid: Modeling and experimental validation". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 159, 1-10, 2022.
• [2] Oktay A, İşen E, Kekezoğlu B. "Performance analysis of stand-alone hybrid (wind-photovoltaic) energy system". Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 25(5), 571-576, 2019.
• [3] Çetinbaş İ, Tamyürek B, Demirtaş M. "Sizing optimization and design of an autonomous AC microgrid for commercial loads using Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm". Energy Conversion and Management, 245, 1-22, 2021.
• [4] Kabalcı E, Bayındır R, Tür MR. Microgrids and Distributed Generation Systems. 1st ed. Ankara Türkiye, Nobel, 2021.
• [5] Kaysal A, Bayındır R, "Design and analysis of fuzzy logic controllers for microgrid voltage control". 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), Ankara, Turkey, 19-21 October 2018.
• [6] Merabet A, Ahmed KT, Ibrahim H, Beguenane R and Ghias AMYM. "Energy management and control system for laboratory-scale microgrid based wind-PV-battery". IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 8(1), 145-154, 2017.
• [7] Ortiz L, Gonzalez JW, Gutierrez LB, Llanes-Santiago O. "A review on control and fault-tolerant control systems of AC/DC microgrids". Heliyon, 6(8), 1-17, 2020.
• [8] Hatziargyriou N. Microgrids: Architectures and Control. 1st ed. Chichester, United Kingdom, Wiley, 2014.
• [9] Lenhart S, Araújo K. "Microgrid decision-making by public power utilities in the United States: A critical assessment of adoption and technological profiles". Renew Sustain Energy, 139, 1-12, 2021.
• [10] Laxman B, Annamraju A, Srikanth NV. "A grey wolf optimized fuzzy logic based MPPT for shaded solar photovoltaic systems in microgrids". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(18), 10653-10665, 2021.
• [11] El-Bidairi KS, Nguyen HD, Mahmoud TS, Jayasinghe SDG, Guerrero JM. "Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia". Energy, 195, 1-25, 2020.
• [12] Arefifar SA, Ordonez M, Mohamed YA. "Energy management in multi-microgrid systems development and assessment". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 32(2), 910–22, 2017.
• [13] Choi J, Shin Y, Choi M, Park W, Lee I. "Robust control of a microgrid energy storage system using various approaches". IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 10(3), 2702–12, 2019.
• [14] Sinha S, Bajpai P. "Power management of hybrid energy storage system in a standalone DC microgrid". Energy Storage Materials, 30, 1-12, 2020.
• [15] Dehghani M, Niknam T, Ghiasi M, Baghaee HR, Blaabjerg F, Dragicevǐć T, Rashidi M. "Adaptive backstepping control for master-slave AC microgrid in the smart island". Energy, 246, 1-15, 2022.
• [16] Zhang N, Yang D, Zhang H, Luo Y. "Distributed control strategy of DC microgrid based on consistency theory". Energy Reports, 8(10), 739-750, 2022.
• [17] Elnady A, Adam AA, Nasir M. "Efficient adaptive controllers and recursive filters for centralized control scheme of islanded microgrid with linear and non-linear loads". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 141, 1-15, 2022.
• [18] Alhasnawi BN, Jasim BH, Sedhom BE. "Distributed secondary consensus fault tolerant control method for voltage and frequency restoration and power sharing control in multi-agent microgrid". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 133, 1-22, 2021.
• [19] Shafiee Q, Guerrero JM and Vasquez JC. "Distributed secondary control for islanded microgrids-A novel approach". IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(2), 1018-1031, 2014.
• [20] Yamashita DY, Vechiu I, Gaubert JP. "A review of hierarchical control for building microgrids". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 118, 1-18, 2020.
• [21] Shuai Z, Fang J, Ning F, Shen ZJ. "Hierarchical structure and bus voltage control of DC microgrid". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82(3), 3670-3682, 2018.
• [22] Han Y, Ning X, Li L, Yang P, Blaabjerg F. "Droop coefficient correction control for power sharing and voltage restoration in hierarchical controlled DC microgrids". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 133, 1-14, 2021.
• [23] Babaiahgari B, Ullah MdH, Park JD. "Coordinated control and dynamic optimization in DC microgrid systems". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 113, 832-841, 2019.
• [24] Rosini A, Labella A, Bonfiglio A, Procopio R, Guerrero JM. "A review of reactive power sharing control techniques for islanded microgrids". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 141, 1-21, 2021.
• [25] Lu X, Guerrero JM, Sun K, Vasquez JC. "An improved droop control method for dc microgrids based on low bandwidth communication with dc bus voltage restoration and enhanced current sharing accuracy". IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(4), 1800–1812, 2014.