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Butterworth BPF design and analysis with using lumped elements, transmission lines and combined factors for C band

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 310 - 316, 29.06.2024

Öz

In the field of electronics, technological advancements bring about alterations in electronic devices. With the fast-paced advancements in the era of communication, the frequency bands are becoming congested. One of the frequencies utilized by Wi-Fi-6, 6 GHz, has garnered its share of attention in these changes. This study proposes the design of a Butterworth Bandpass Filter that can be utilized in the IEEE C Band, employing both lumped elements and microstrip transmission lines. The methodology for determining the length and width of the transmission lines, as well as the considerations taken into account during their modification, is provided. A composite filter comprising of both elements and lines is also presented. The combined filter design is aimed at resolving issues arising from the increasing frequency. During the design process, an 8th-order lowpass filter is generated using the Butterworth normalized table, and a bandpass filter with a 200 MHz bandwidth and a 6 GHz center frequency is obtained through the use of a resonant circuit. The dimensions of the transmission lines are determined using theoretical formulas and verified through Matlab files and the MWO-AWR optimization tool. The voltage gain graphs generated demonstrate that the designs created on an FR4 substrate are suitable for use in the IEEE C Band for Wi-Fi-6.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Pozar MD. Microwave Engineering. 4th ed. New York, USA, Wiley, 2014.
  • [2] Bowick C. RF Circuit Design. 2nd ed. Massachusetts, USA, Newnes, Elsevier, 1982.
  • [3] Abbas W, Yousaf J, Mehmood Z. “Design and analysis of microstrip line and lumped element based 3dB equal-ripple low pass filter for C-Band”. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, A. Physical and Computational Sciences, 56(2), 49–54, 2019.
  • [4] Tsigkas DE, Alysandratou DS, Karagianni EA. “Butterworth filter design at RF and X-Band using lumped and step impedance techniques”. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering, 3(4), 403-409, 2014.
  • [5] Williams A, Taylor FJ. Electronic Filter Design Handbook. 4th ed. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 2006.
  • [6] Al-Amin R, Chowdhury O F. “Design and simulation of fifth order band-pass filter for S band”. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Technology, 7(1), 56-60, 2016.
  • [7] Sümer Ö. Insertion Loss Design of RF Filters with Mixed Lumped-Distributed Realization. MSc Thesis, Işık University, İstanbul, Turkey, 2007.
  • [8] Sertbas A, Yarman BS. “A Computer-Aided design technique for lossless matching networks with mixed, lumped and distributed elements”. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 58(6), 424-428, 2004.
  • [9] Aksen A, Yarman BS. “A real frequency approach to describe lossless two-ports formed with mixed lumped and distributed elements”. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 55(6), 389-396, 2001.
  • [10] Şengül M. Circuit Models with Mixed Lumped and Distributed Elements for Passive One-Port Devices. PhD Thesis, Işık University, İstanbul, Turkey, 2006.
  • [11] Uslu MA, Sevgi L. “A MATLAB-Based filter design program: from lumped elements to microstrip lines”. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 53(1), 213-224, 2011.
  • [12] Sevgi L. “EM Virtual Tools”. http://leventsevgi.net/index.php?page=emvirtualtools (16.01.2022).
  • [13] Vendelin GD, Pavio AM, Rohde UL. Microwave Circuit Design using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, 2005.
  • [14] Tekin A, Emira A. High Frequency Communication and Sensing: Traveling-Wave Techniques. 1st ed. The North West, USA, CRC Press, 2015.
  • [15] Kulkarni DR, Parikh JC, Pratap R. “Simulation and modeling of evoked response electroencephalograph signal”. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 10(4), 759-776, 1999.
  • [16] EM Talk. “Electromagnetics and Microwave Engineering, Microstrip Line Calculator”. https://www.emtalk.com/mscalc.php (16.01.2022).
  • [17] All About Circuits. “Microstrip Inductance Calculator”. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/tools/microstrip-inductance-calculator (16.01.2022).
  • [18] Octave Forge. “Demonstration 5”. https://octave.sourceforge.io/signal/function/buttord.html (16.01.2022).

C bandı için toplu elemanlar, iletim hatları ve birleşik faktörler kullanılarak Butterworth BPF tasarımı ve analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 310 - 316, 29.06.2024

Öz

Teknolojik yenilikler elektronik cihazlarda değişiklikler getirmektedir. İletişim çağındaki hızlı gelişmeler frekans bantlarını doldurmaktadır. Wi-Fi-6’nın kullanıldığı frekanslardan biri olan 6 GHz de bu gelişmelerden payını almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hem toplu elemanlar hem de mikroşerit iletim hatları kullanılarak IEEE C Bandında kullanılabilecek bir Butterworth bant geçiren filtre tasarlanmıştır. İletim hatlarının uzunluk ve genişliğinin nasıl bulunduğu ve ilgili değerler değiştirilirken hangi hususlara dikkat edildiğine değinilmiş ayrıca eleman ve hatlardan oluşan birleşik bir filtre de sunulmuştur. Kombine filtre tasarımı sayesinde artan frekansla ilgili sorunlar aşılmıştır. Tasarım sırasında Butterworth normalize tablosu kullanılarak 8. dereceden bir alçak geçiren filtre üretilmiş akabinde bir rezonans devresi kullanılarak 200 MHz bant genişliğinde ve 6 GHz merkez frekanslı bir bant geçiren filtre elde edilmiştir. İletim hattı boyutları; teorik formüller, ardından Matlab dosyaları ve son olarak MWO-AWR optimizasyon aracı ile elde edilmiştir. Üretilen voltaj kazancı grafikleri, FR4 alt tabanı üzerinde üretilen tasarımların Wi-Fi-6 için IEEE C bandında kullanıma uygun olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Pozar MD. Microwave Engineering. 4th ed. New York, USA, Wiley, 2014.
  • [2] Bowick C. RF Circuit Design. 2nd ed. Massachusetts, USA, Newnes, Elsevier, 1982.
  • [3] Abbas W, Yousaf J, Mehmood Z. “Design and analysis of microstrip line and lumped element based 3dB equal-ripple low pass filter for C-Band”. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, A. Physical and Computational Sciences, 56(2), 49–54, 2019.
  • [4] Tsigkas DE, Alysandratou DS, Karagianni EA. “Butterworth filter design at RF and X-Band using lumped and step impedance techniques”. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering, 3(4), 403-409, 2014.
  • [5] Williams A, Taylor FJ. Electronic Filter Design Handbook. 4th ed. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 2006.
  • [6] Al-Amin R, Chowdhury O F. “Design and simulation of fifth order band-pass filter for S band”. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Technology, 7(1), 56-60, 2016.
  • [7] Sümer Ö. Insertion Loss Design of RF Filters with Mixed Lumped-Distributed Realization. MSc Thesis, Işık University, İstanbul, Turkey, 2007.
  • [8] Sertbas A, Yarman BS. “A Computer-Aided design technique for lossless matching networks with mixed, lumped and distributed elements”. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 58(6), 424-428, 2004.
  • [9] Aksen A, Yarman BS. “A real frequency approach to describe lossless two-ports formed with mixed lumped and distributed elements”. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 55(6), 389-396, 2001.
  • [10] Şengül M. Circuit Models with Mixed Lumped and Distributed Elements for Passive One-Port Devices. PhD Thesis, Işık University, İstanbul, Turkey, 2006.
  • [11] Uslu MA, Sevgi L. “A MATLAB-Based filter design program: from lumped elements to microstrip lines”. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 53(1), 213-224, 2011.
  • [12] Sevgi L. “EM Virtual Tools”. http://leventsevgi.net/index.php?page=emvirtualtools (16.01.2022).
  • [13] Vendelin GD, Pavio AM, Rohde UL. Microwave Circuit Design using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, 2005.
  • [14] Tekin A, Emira A. High Frequency Communication and Sensing: Traveling-Wave Techniques. 1st ed. The North West, USA, CRC Press, 2015.
  • [15] Kulkarni DR, Parikh JC, Pratap R. “Simulation and modeling of evoked response electroencephalograph signal”. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 10(4), 759-776, 1999.
  • [16] EM Talk. “Electromagnetics and Microwave Engineering, Microstrip Line Calculator”. https://www.emtalk.com/mscalc.php (16.01.2022).
  • [17] All About Circuits. “Microstrip Inductance Calculator”. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/tools/microstrip-inductance-calculator (16.01.2022).
  • [18] Octave Forge. “Demonstration 5”. https://octave.sourceforge.io/signal/function/buttord.html (16.01.2022).
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Devreler ve Sistemler
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Mehmet Duman

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Duman, M. (2024). Butterworth BPF design and analysis with using lumped elements, transmission lines and combined factors for C band. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(3), 310-316.
AMA Duman M. Butterworth BPF design and analysis with using lumped elements, transmission lines and combined factors for C band. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Haziran 2024;30(3):310-316.
Chicago Duman, Mehmet. “Butterworth BPF Design and Analysis With Using Lumped Elements, Transmission Lines and Combined Factors for C Band”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 30, sy. 3 (Haziran 2024): 310-16.
EndNote Duman M (01 Haziran 2024) Butterworth BPF design and analysis with using lumped elements, transmission lines and combined factors for C band. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 30 3 310–316.
IEEE M. Duman, “Butterworth BPF design and analysis with using lumped elements, transmission lines and combined factors for C band”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 3, ss. 310–316, 2024.
ISNAD Duman, Mehmet. “Butterworth BPF Design and Analysis With Using Lumped Elements, Transmission Lines and Combined Factors for C Band”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 30/3 (Haziran 2024), 310-316.
JAMA Duman M. Butterworth BPF design and analysis with using lumped elements, transmission lines and combined factors for C band. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;30:310–316.
MLA Duman, Mehmet. “Butterworth BPF Design and Analysis With Using Lumped Elements, Transmission Lines and Combined Factors for C Band”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 3, 2024, ss. 310-6.
Vancouver Duman M. Butterworth BPF design and analysis with using lumped elements, transmission lines and combined factors for C band. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;30(3):310-6.





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