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Mineral chemistry and pre-eruptive crystallization conditions of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Kütahya (West Anatolia) and surrounding area

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4, 564 - 585, 30.08.2024

Öz

The studied Miocene volcanic rocks are observed in the Örenköy, Fındıkköy, and Kızılkaya Tepe regions in and around the Kütahya area. The Örenköy volcanic rocks consist of augite basalt, basaltic andesite and andesite, and show hyalo-microlitic porphyritic and cumulophyric texture, and contain plagioclase (An70-82Ab17-29Or1-2), clinopyroxene (Wo40-44En41-52Fs6-16), orthopyroxene (Wo1-4En64-71Fs27-34) olivine (Fo86-90) and Fe-Ti oxide. The Fındıkköy volcanic rocks include augite trachybasalt, augite basaltic trachyandesite and trachyandesite, and show hyalo-microlitic porphyritic and intersertal texture, and generally contain plagioclase (An58-88Ab12-38Or1-5), clinopyroxene (Wo44-48En38-47Fs8-17), olivine (Fo41-63) and Fe-Ti oxide, while the andesitic ones also contain biotite. The Kızılkaya Tepe volcanic rocks contain augite basalt, augite basaltic andesite and trachyandesite, and exhibit hyalo-microlitic porphyritic, vesicular, intersertal and trachytic texture, and include plagioclase (An53-85Ab14-44Or0-3), clinopyroxene (Wo39-46En41-52Fs8-16), orthopyroxene (Wo2-3En73-75Fs21-25), olivine (Fo52-82) and Fe-Ti oxide. In addition, the pre-eruptive crystallization conditions of the volcanic rocks were estimated using mineral chemistry analyses and thus it was determined that the magmas of the volcanic rocks have evolved by fractionation in magma chambers of the upper continental crust.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Şengör AMC, Yılmaz Y. “Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach”. Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241, 1981.
  • [2] Altunkaynak Ş. “Collision-driven slab breakoff magmatism in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of Geology, 115, 63-82, 2007.
  • [3] Prelević D, Akal C, Romer RL, Mertz-Kraus R, Helvacı C. “Magmatic response to slab tearing: constraints from the Afyon Alkaline Volcanic Complex, Western Turkey”. Journal of Petrology, 56-3, 527-562, 2015.
  • [4] Lister GS, Banga G, Feenstra A. “Metamorphic core complexes of Cordilleran type in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece”. Geology, 12, 1021-1030, 1984.
  • [5] Ersoy EY, Helvacı C, Palmer MR. “Mantle source characteristics and melting models for the early-middle Miocene mafic volcanism in Western Anatolia: implications for enrichment processes of mantle lithosphere and origin of K-rich volcanism in post collisional settings”. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 198, 112-128, 2010.
  • [6] Çoban H, Karacık Z, Ece ÖI. “Source contamination and tectonomagmatic signals of overlapping Early to Middle Miocene orogenic magmas associated with shallow continental subduction and asthenospheric mantle flows in Western Anatolia: a record from Simav (Kütahya) region”. Lithos, 140-141, 119-141, 2012.
  • [7] Prelević D, Akal C, Foley F, Romer RL, Stracke A, van den Bogaard P. “Ultrapotassic mafic rocks as geochemical proxies for post-collisional dynamics of orogenic lithospheric mantle: the case of southwestern Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of Petrology, 53, 1019-1055, 2012.
  • [8] Yılmaz Y, Genç ŞC, Gürer ÖF, Bozcu M, Yılmaz K, Karacık Z, Altunkaynak Ş, Elmas A. “When did the Western Anatolian grabens begin to develop”, Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and the surrounding area. Journal of the Geological Society London, Special Publication, 173, 353-384, 2000.
  • [9] Özburan M, Gürer ÖF. “Late Cenozoic polyphase deformation and basin development, Kütahya region, western Turkey”. International Geology Review, 54(12), 1401-1418, 2012.
  • [10] Karaoğlu Ö, Helvacı C, Ersoy EY. “Petrogenesis and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the volcanic rocks of the Uşak-Güre basin, western Turkey”. Lithos, 119, 193-210, 2010.
  • [11] Ersoy EY, Palmer MR. “Eocene-Quaternary magmatic activity in the Aegean: implications for mantle metasomatism and magma genesis in an evolving orogeny”. Lithos, 180-181, 5-24, 2013.
  • [12] Semiz B, Ersoy EY, Özpınar Y, Helvacı C, Palmer MR, Billor MZ. “40Ar/39Ar geochronology, geochemistry and petrology of volcanic rocks from the Simav Graben, western Turkey”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 170, 1-24, 2015.
  • [13] Aslan Z, Erdem D, Temizel İ, Arslan M. “SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages and whole-rock geochemistry for the Şapçı volcanic rocks, Biga Peninsula, Northwest Turkey: implications for pre-eruption crystallization conditions and source characteristics”. International Geology Review, 59(14), 1764-1785, 2017.
  • [14] Ersoy Y, Helvacı C, Sözbilir H, Erkül F, Bozkurt E. “A geochemical approach to Neogene-Quaternary volcanic activity of western Anatolia: an example of episodic bimodal volcanism within the Selendi Basin, Turkey”. Chemical Geology, 255, 265-282, 2008.
  • [15] Altunkaynak Ş, Rogers NW, Kelley SP. “Causes and effects of geochemical variations in Late Cenozoic volcanism in the Foca volcanic centre (NW Anatolia, Turkey)”. International Geology Review, 52, 579-607, 2010.
  • [16] Ersoy EY, Helvacı C. “Geochemistry and petrology of the lower Miocene bimodal volcanic units in the Tunçbilek-Domaniç basin, western Anatolia”. International Geology Review, 58(10), 1234-1252, 2016.
  • [17] Özkul C, Temizel İ, Özburan M, Arslan M, Kibici Y. “Geochronology and geochemistry of the Miocene volcanics from the Kütahya area: Constraints for post-collisional magmatism in western Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 195, 1-17, 2022.
  • [18] Özkul C, Acar RU, Demirbilek M. “Bahatlar volkanitlerinin (Emet-Kütahya) petrografisi ve jeokimyası”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(6), 744-755, 2021.
  • [19] Dilek Y, Altunkaynak Ş. “Geochemistry of Neogene-Quaternary alkaline volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey, and implications for the Aegean mantle”. International Geology Review, 52, 631-655, 2010.
  • [20] Akdeniz N, Konak N. Simav-Emet-Tavşanlı-Dursunbey-Demirci Yörelerinin Jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Raporu, Ankara, Türkiye, 654, 1979.
  • [21] Yalçın H. Emet Neojen Gölsel Baseninin Jeolojik Ve Mineralojik-Petrografik İncelenmesi. Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, 1984.
  • [22] Helvacı C. “Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the emet borate deposits, Western Anatolia”. Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Research Papers, 86, 1-28, 1986.
  • [23] Dündar A, Güngör N, Gürsel T, Özden M, Özyegin E. “Kütahya-Emet Bölgesi Bor Tuzu Yatağı Nihai Değerlendirme Raporu”. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Derleme Raporu, Ankara, Türkiye, 7984, 1986.
  • [24] Arık F, Temur S. “Köprüören-Gümüşköy-Yoncalı civarının stratigrafisi”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 21-36. 2003.
  • [25] Üstün H. Hisarcık-E,et (Kütahya) Güneyinin Neojen Stratigrafisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, Türkiye, 2008.
  • [26] Özburan M. Kütahya ve Çevresinin Neotektonik İncelemesi. Doktora Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2009.
  • [27] Armstrong JT. Quantitative Analysis of Silicate and Oxide Materials. Editors: Comparison of Monte Carlo, ZAF, and Phi-Rho-Z procedures. In DE. Newbury. Microbeam Analysis, 239-246. San Francisco, CA, San Francisco Press, 1988.
  • [28] Deer WA, Howie RA, Zussman J. An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals 2nd ed. Hong Kong, Longman Group Limited, 1992.
  • [29] Morimoto M, Fabries J, Ferguson AK, Ginzburg IV, Ross M, Seifert FA, Zussman J, Aoki K, Gottardi G. “Nomenclature of pyroxenes”. Mineralogical Magazine, 52, 535-550, 1988.
  • [30] Bacon CR, Hirschmann MM. “Mg/Mn partitioning as a test for equilibrium between coexiting Fe-Ti oxides”. American Mineralogist, 73, 57-61, 1988.
  • [31] Fuhrman ML, Lidsley DH. “Ternary-feldspar modelling and thermometry”. American Mineralogist, 73, 201-215, 1988.
  • [32] Putirka, Keith D. "Igneous thermometers and barometers based on plagioclase + liquid equilibria: Tests of some existing models and new calibrations" American Mineralogist, 90(2-3), 336-346, 2005.
  • [33] Putirka KD. “Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems”, In Putirka KD, Tepley FE, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 69, 61-120, 2008.
  • [34] Lindsley DH. “Pyroxene thermometry”. American Mineralogist, 68, 477-493, 1983.
  • [35] Lindsley DH, Andersen DJ. “A two-pyroxene thermometer”. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, A887-A906, 1983.
  • [36] Nimis P. “A Clinopyroxene geobarometer for basaltic systems based on crystal structure modeling”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 121, 115-125, 1995.
  • [37] Nimis P, Ulmer P. “Clinopyroxene geobarometry of magmatic rocks, part 1: An expanded structural geobarometer for anhydrous and hydrous, basic and ultrabasic systems”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 133, 314-327, 1988.
  • [38] Nimis P, Taylor WR. “Single clinopyroxene thermobarometry for garnet peridotites: Part I. Calibration and testing of a Cr-in-Cpx barometer and an enstatite-in-Cpx thermometer”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 139, 541-554, 2000.
  • [39] Putirka KD, Johnson M, Kinzler R, Walker D. “Thermobarometry of mafic igneous rocks based on clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria, 0-30 kbar”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 123, 92-108, 1996.
  • [40] Putirka KD, Ryerson FJ, Mikaelian H. “New igneous thermobarometers for mafic and evolved lava compositions, based on clinopyroxene + liquid equilibria”. American Mineralogist, 88, 1542-1554, 2003.
  • [41] Putirka KD. “Clinopyroxene+liquid equilibrium to 100 kbar and 2450 K”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 135, 151-163, 1999.
  • [42] Helz RT, Thornber CR. “Geothermometry of Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii”. Bulletin Volcanologique, 49, 651-668, 1987.
  • [43] Sisson TW, Grove TL. “Temperatures and H2O contents of low-MgO high-alumina basalts”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 113, 167-184, 1993.
  • [44] Beattie P. “Olivine-melt and orthopyroxene-melt equilibria”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 115, 103-111, 1993.
  • [45] Putirka K, Perfit M, Ryerson FJ, Jackson MG. “Ambient and excess mantle temperatures, olivine thermometry, and active vs. passive upwelling”. Chemical Geology, 241, 177-206, 2007.
  • [46] Thompson RN. “Primary basalts and magma genesis”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 60, 91-108, 1977.
  • [47] Stewart RB, Price RC, Smith IEM. “Evolution of high-K arc magma, Egmont volcano, Taranaki, New Zealand: evidence from mineral chemistry”. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 74, 275-295, 1996.
  • [48] Tulloch AJ, Challis GA. “Emplacement depths of paleozoic-mesozoic plutons from western new zealand estimated by hornblende-al geobarometry”. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 43, 555-567, 2000.

Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların mineral kimyası ve püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4, 564 - 585, 30.08.2024

Öz

Miyosen yaşlı volkanitler, Kütahya ve çevresinde Örenköy, Fındıkköy ve Kızılkaya Tepe yörelerinde yüzeyleme vermektedir. Örenköy volkanitleri genel olarak ojit bazalt, bazaltik andezit ve andezit bileşimli olup hyalo-mikrolitik porfirik ve kümülofirik doku göstermektedir ve plajiyoklaz (An70-82Ab17-29Or1-2), klinopiroksen (Wo40-44En41-52Fs6-16), ortopiroksen (Wo1-4En64-71Fs27-34) olivin (Fo86-90) ve Fe-Ti oksit içerir. Fındıkköy volkanitleri genellikle ojit trakibazalt, ojit bazaltik trakiandezit ve trakiandezit bileşimli olup hyalo-mikrolitik porfirik ve intersertal doku göstermektedir ve genelde plajiyoklaz (An58-88Ab12-38Or1-5), klinopiroksen (Wo44-48En38-47Fs8-17), olivin (Fo41-63) ve Fe-Ti oksit içerirken, andezitik karakterde olanlar ayrıca biyotit içerir. Kızılkaya Tepe volkanitleri ise ojit bazalt, ojitli bazaltik andezit ve trakiandezit bileşimli olup hyalo-mikrolitik porfirik, vesiküler, intersertal ve trakitik doku gösterir ve genel olarak plajiyoklaz (An53-85Ab14-44Or0-3), klinopiroksen (Wo39-46En41-52Fs8-16), ortopiroksen (Wo2-3En73-75Fs21-25), olivin (Fo52-82) ve Fe-Ti oksit içerir. Ayrıca, mineral kimyası analizlerinden yararlanılarak volkanitlerin püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları hesaplanmış ve böylelikle volkanitleri oluşturan magmalarının üst kıtasal kabuktaki magma odalarında ayrımlaşarak geliştikleri belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Şengör AMC, Yılmaz Y. “Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach”. Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241, 1981.
  • [2] Altunkaynak Ş. “Collision-driven slab breakoff magmatism in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of Geology, 115, 63-82, 2007.
  • [3] Prelević D, Akal C, Romer RL, Mertz-Kraus R, Helvacı C. “Magmatic response to slab tearing: constraints from the Afyon Alkaline Volcanic Complex, Western Turkey”. Journal of Petrology, 56-3, 527-562, 2015.
  • [4] Lister GS, Banga G, Feenstra A. “Metamorphic core complexes of Cordilleran type in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece”. Geology, 12, 1021-1030, 1984.
  • [5] Ersoy EY, Helvacı C, Palmer MR. “Mantle source characteristics and melting models for the early-middle Miocene mafic volcanism in Western Anatolia: implications for enrichment processes of mantle lithosphere and origin of K-rich volcanism in post collisional settings”. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 198, 112-128, 2010.
  • [6] Çoban H, Karacık Z, Ece ÖI. “Source contamination and tectonomagmatic signals of overlapping Early to Middle Miocene orogenic magmas associated with shallow continental subduction and asthenospheric mantle flows in Western Anatolia: a record from Simav (Kütahya) region”. Lithos, 140-141, 119-141, 2012.
  • [7] Prelević D, Akal C, Foley F, Romer RL, Stracke A, van den Bogaard P. “Ultrapotassic mafic rocks as geochemical proxies for post-collisional dynamics of orogenic lithospheric mantle: the case of southwestern Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of Petrology, 53, 1019-1055, 2012.
  • [8] Yılmaz Y, Genç ŞC, Gürer ÖF, Bozcu M, Yılmaz K, Karacık Z, Altunkaynak Ş, Elmas A. “When did the Western Anatolian grabens begin to develop”, Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and the surrounding area. Journal of the Geological Society London, Special Publication, 173, 353-384, 2000.
  • [9] Özburan M, Gürer ÖF. “Late Cenozoic polyphase deformation and basin development, Kütahya region, western Turkey”. International Geology Review, 54(12), 1401-1418, 2012.
  • [10] Karaoğlu Ö, Helvacı C, Ersoy EY. “Petrogenesis and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the volcanic rocks of the Uşak-Güre basin, western Turkey”. Lithos, 119, 193-210, 2010.
  • [11] Ersoy EY, Palmer MR. “Eocene-Quaternary magmatic activity in the Aegean: implications for mantle metasomatism and magma genesis in an evolving orogeny”. Lithos, 180-181, 5-24, 2013.
  • [12] Semiz B, Ersoy EY, Özpınar Y, Helvacı C, Palmer MR, Billor MZ. “40Ar/39Ar geochronology, geochemistry and petrology of volcanic rocks from the Simav Graben, western Turkey”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 170, 1-24, 2015.
  • [13] Aslan Z, Erdem D, Temizel İ, Arslan M. “SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages and whole-rock geochemistry for the Şapçı volcanic rocks, Biga Peninsula, Northwest Turkey: implications for pre-eruption crystallization conditions and source characteristics”. International Geology Review, 59(14), 1764-1785, 2017.
  • [14] Ersoy Y, Helvacı C, Sözbilir H, Erkül F, Bozkurt E. “A geochemical approach to Neogene-Quaternary volcanic activity of western Anatolia: an example of episodic bimodal volcanism within the Selendi Basin, Turkey”. Chemical Geology, 255, 265-282, 2008.
  • [15] Altunkaynak Ş, Rogers NW, Kelley SP. “Causes and effects of geochemical variations in Late Cenozoic volcanism in the Foca volcanic centre (NW Anatolia, Turkey)”. International Geology Review, 52, 579-607, 2010.
  • [16] Ersoy EY, Helvacı C. “Geochemistry and petrology of the lower Miocene bimodal volcanic units in the Tunçbilek-Domaniç basin, western Anatolia”. International Geology Review, 58(10), 1234-1252, 2016.
  • [17] Özkul C, Temizel İ, Özburan M, Arslan M, Kibici Y. “Geochronology and geochemistry of the Miocene volcanics from the Kütahya area: Constraints for post-collisional magmatism in western Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 195, 1-17, 2022.
  • [18] Özkul C, Acar RU, Demirbilek M. “Bahatlar volkanitlerinin (Emet-Kütahya) petrografisi ve jeokimyası”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(6), 744-755, 2021.
  • [19] Dilek Y, Altunkaynak Ş. “Geochemistry of Neogene-Quaternary alkaline volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey, and implications for the Aegean mantle”. International Geology Review, 52, 631-655, 2010.
  • [20] Akdeniz N, Konak N. Simav-Emet-Tavşanlı-Dursunbey-Demirci Yörelerinin Jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Raporu, Ankara, Türkiye, 654, 1979.
  • [21] Yalçın H. Emet Neojen Gölsel Baseninin Jeolojik Ve Mineralojik-Petrografik İncelenmesi. Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, 1984.
  • [22] Helvacı C. “Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the emet borate deposits, Western Anatolia”. Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Research Papers, 86, 1-28, 1986.
  • [23] Dündar A, Güngör N, Gürsel T, Özden M, Özyegin E. “Kütahya-Emet Bölgesi Bor Tuzu Yatağı Nihai Değerlendirme Raporu”. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Derleme Raporu, Ankara, Türkiye, 7984, 1986.
  • [24] Arık F, Temur S. “Köprüören-Gümüşköy-Yoncalı civarının stratigrafisi”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 21-36. 2003.
  • [25] Üstün H. Hisarcık-E,et (Kütahya) Güneyinin Neojen Stratigrafisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, Türkiye, 2008.
  • [26] Özburan M. Kütahya ve Çevresinin Neotektonik İncelemesi. Doktora Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2009.
  • [27] Armstrong JT. Quantitative Analysis of Silicate and Oxide Materials. Editors: Comparison of Monte Carlo, ZAF, and Phi-Rho-Z procedures. In DE. Newbury. Microbeam Analysis, 239-246. San Francisco, CA, San Francisco Press, 1988.
  • [28] Deer WA, Howie RA, Zussman J. An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals 2nd ed. Hong Kong, Longman Group Limited, 1992.
  • [29] Morimoto M, Fabries J, Ferguson AK, Ginzburg IV, Ross M, Seifert FA, Zussman J, Aoki K, Gottardi G. “Nomenclature of pyroxenes”. Mineralogical Magazine, 52, 535-550, 1988.
  • [30] Bacon CR, Hirschmann MM. “Mg/Mn partitioning as a test for equilibrium between coexiting Fe-Ti oxides”. American Mineralogist, 73, 57-61, 1988.
  • [31] Fuhrman ML, Lidsley DH. “Ternary-feldspar modelling and thermometry”. American Mineralogist, 73, 201-215, 1988.
  • [32] Putirka, Keith D. "Igneous thermometers and barometers based on plagioclase + liquid equilibria: Tests of some existing models and new calibrations" American Mineralogist, 90(2-3), 336-346, 2005.
  • [33] Putirka KD. “Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems”, In Putirka KD, Tepley FE, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 69, 61-120, 2008.
  • [34] Lindsley DH. “Pyroxene thermometry”. American Mineralogist, 68, 477-493, 1983.
  • [35] Lindsley DH, Andersen DJ. “A two-pyroxene thermometer”. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, A887-A906, 1983.
  • [36] Nimis P. “A Clinopyroxene geobarometer for basaltic systems based on crystal structure modeling”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 121, 115-125, 1995.
  • [37] Nimis P, Ulmer P. “Clinopyroxene geobarometry of magmatic rocks, part 1: An expanded structural geobarometer for anhydrous and hydrous, basic and ultrabasic systems”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 133, 314-327, 1988.
  • [38] Nimis P, Taylor WR. “Single clinopyroxene thermobarometry for garnet peridotites: Part I. Calibration and testing of a Cr-in-Cpx barometer and an enstatite-in-Cpx thermometer”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 139, 541-554, 2000.
  • [39] Putirka KD, Johnson M, Kinzler R, Walker D. “Thermobarometry of mafic igneous rocks based on clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria, 0-30 kbar”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 123, 92-108, 1996.
  • [40] Putirka KD, Ryerson FJ, Mikaelian H. “New igneous thermobarometers for mafic and evolved lava compositions, based on clinopyroxene + liquid equilibria”. American Mineralogist, 88, 1542-1554, 2003.
  • [41] Putirka KD. “Clinopyroxene+liquid equilibrium to 100 kbar and 2450 K”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 135, 151-163, 1999.
  • [42] Helz RT, Thornber CR. “Geothermometry of Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii”. Bulletin Volcanologique, 49, 651-668, 1987.
  • [43] Sisson TW, Grove TL. “Temperatures and H2O contents of low-MgO high-alumina basalts”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 113, 167-184, 1993.
  • [44] Beattie P. “Olivine-melt and orthopyroxene-melt equilibria”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 115, 103-111, 1993.
  • [45] Putirka K, Perfit M, Ryerson FJ, Jackson MG. “Ambient and excess mantle temperatures, olivine thermometry, and active vs. passive upwelling”. Chemical Geology, 241, 177-206, 2007.
  • [46] Thompson RN. “Primary basalts and magma genesis”. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 60, 91-108, 1977.
  • [47] Stewart RB, Price RC, Smith IEM. “Evolution of high-K arc magma, Egmont volcano, Taranaki, New Zealand: evidence from mineral chemistry”. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 74, 275-295, 1996.
  • [48] Tulloch AJ, Challis GA. “Emplacement depths of paleozoic-mesozoic plutons from western new zealand estimated by hornblende-al geobarometry”. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 43, 555-567, 2000.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

İrfan Temizel

Mehmet Arslan

Cafer Özkul

Muzaffer Özburan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Özkul, C., Özburan, M. (2024). Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların mineral kimyası ve püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(4), 564-585.
AMA Temizel İ, Arslan M, Özkul C, Özburan M. Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların mineral kimyası ve püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Ağustos 2024;30(4):564-585.
Chicago Temizel, İrfan, Mehmet Arslan, Cafer Özkul, ve Muzaffer Özburan. “Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) Ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı Volkanik kayaçların Mineral Kimyası Ve püskürme öncesi Kristallenme koşulları”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 30, sy. 4 (Ağustos 2024): 564-85.
EndNote Temizel İ, Arslan M, Özkul C, Özburan M (01 Ağustos 2024) Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların mineral kimyası ve püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 30 4 564–585.
IEEE İ. Temizel, M. Arslan, C. Özkul, ve M. Özburan, “Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların mineral kimyası ve püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 4, ss. 564–585, 2024.
ISNAD Temizel, İrfan vd. “Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) Ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı Volkanik kayaçların Mineral Kimyası Ve püskürme öncesi Kristallenme koşulları”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 30/4 (Ağustos 2024), 564-585.
JAMA Temizel İ, Arslan M, Özkul C, Özburan M. Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların mineral kimyası ve püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;30:564–585.
MLA Temizel, İrfan vd. “Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) Ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı Volkanik kayaçların Mineral Kimyası Ve püskürme öncesi Kristallenme koşulları”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 4, 2024, ss. 564-85.
Vancouver Temizel İ, Arslan M, Özkul C, Özburan M. Kütahya (Batı Anadolu) ve çevresinde yüzeylenen Miyosen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların mineral kimyası ve püskürme öncesi kristallenme koşulları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;30(4):564-85.





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