Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Water Sources and Sediments of the Konya Closed Basin and Environmental Risk Assessment

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 7

Arzu Ulvi , Senar Aydın , Mehmet Emin Aydın

Öz

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are potentially toxic, are still detected in the environment at ppb levels, despite being banned or restricted in use. In this study, 38 surface water and 28 sediments were taken from 46 sources in the Konya Closed Basin, Türkiye. The samples were investigated for pollution by PBDE congeners (PBDE47, PBDE100, PBDE99, PBDE154, PBDE153). A risk assessment was carried out using the concentrations detected in the water samples for fish, Daphnia magna, and algae. Total PBDE concentrations were determined to be between 0.96-74.5 ng/L in surface water, and between 0.01-0.64 µg/kg dry weight in sediment samples. PBDE47 congener is dominant in water samples, while PBDE100, PBDE153, and PBDE47 dominant in sediment samples. PBDE47 congener poses a high risk for fish, Daphnia magna, and algae in two surface water sources, PBDE154 and PBDE153 pose a high risk for fish in three surface water sources, PBDE154 poses a high risk for Daphnia magna in two, and PBDE153 poses a high risk for Daphnia magna in three surface water sources. The results show that PBDE pollution is present in the surface waters of Konya Closed Basin at levels affecting aquatic life. Water in the basin is used for many purposes, primarily drinking and agricultural irrigation. Commercial products containing PBDE are still in use and are creating waste. An effective waste management plan should be implemented, and micropollutants, including PBDEs, should be regularly monitored in environmental media.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Surface water , sediment , polybrominated diphenyl ether , PBDE , pollution , risk

Konya Kapalı Havzası Yüzeysel Su Kaynakları Su ve Sedimentlerinde Polibromlu Difenil Eterler ve Çevresel Risk Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Yüksek kalıcılık ve biyoakümülasyon gösteren, potansiyel olarak toksik olan polibromlu difenil eterler (PBDEs), kullanımları yasaklanmış veya kısıtlanmış olmalarına rağmen, çevrede hala ppb seviyelerinde tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Konya Kapalı Havzasında bulunan 46 yüzeysel su kaynağından 38 yüzeysel su ve 28 sediment örneği alınmıştır. Alınan örneklerde PBDE (PBDE47, PBDE100, PBDE99, PBDE154, PBDE153) kirliliği araştırılmıştır. Su numunelerinde tespit edilen konsantrasyonlar ile balık, Daphnia magna ve alg için risk değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Su numunelerinde toplam PBDE konsantrasyonları 0.96-74.5 ng/L aralığında, sediment numunelerinde 0.01-0.64 µg/kg kuru ağırlık aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Su numunelerinde PBDE47 kongeneri baskın, sediment numunelerinde PBDE100, PBDE153, PBDE47 kongenerleri baskın tespit edilmiştir. PBDE47 kongeneri balık, Daphnia magna ve alg için iki yüzeysel su kaynağında yüksek dereceli risk, PBDE154 ve PBDE153 balık için üç yüzeysel su kaynağında yüksek dereceli risk, PBDE154 Daphnia magna için iki, PBDE153 Daphnia magna için üç yüzeysel su kaynağında yüksek dereceli risk sergilemektedir. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki, Konya Kapalı Havzasında bulunan yüzeysel sularda PBDE kirliği akuatik yaşamı etkileyecek derecede mevcuttur. Havzadaki sular içme, tarımsal sulama başta olmak üzere pek çok amaç için kullanılmaktadır. PBDE içeren ticari ürünler halen kullanımdadır ve atık oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle elektronik atıklar için etkili bir atık yönetim planı uygulanmalı, PBDE’ler de dahil olmak üzere mikrokirleticiler çevresel ortamlarda düzenli olarak izlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yüzeysel su kaynağı , su , sediment , polibromlu difenil eter , PBDE , risk

Kaynakça

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