Karbon nanotüp takviyeli kayma deformasyonlu hibrit güçlendirmeli kirişlerin büyük yer değiştirme davranışlarının analizi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1

Sedat Kömürcü

Öz

Bu çalışmada karbon nanotüp takviyeli hibrit (CNTH) kirişlerin yapısal tasarımlarında karşılaşılan ancak analitik olarak çözümünün elde edilmesi zor olan önemli bir mühendislik problemine sayısal bir çözüm bulunmaktadır. Bu amaçla CNTH kirişlerin büyük yer değiştirme analizlerinde yüksek hassasiyetli sonuçların elde edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. CNTH yapılarda; mekanik, termal ve elektriksel özellikleri iyileştirmek için karbon nanotüpün (CNT) bir matris içine dâhil edilerek oluşturulduğu gelişmiş malzemeler kullanılır. Ayrıca CNT bileşenleri karbon fiber (CF) ile birlikte hibrit bir yapı meydana getirmektedir. CNTH kirişlerin değişen yükleme koşulları altındaki mekanik eğilme davranışları, formüle edilen sonlu eleman kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Analizlerde hem yer değiştirme (u, w, ϕ) hem de iç kuvvet (N, T, M) bileşenleri nodal değerler olarak belirlenmektedir. CNTH kirişlerin mekanik davranışlarını ortaya koymak için Halpin-Tsai denklemi ve Voigt karışım kuralı kullanılmaktadır. CNT hacim oranı, fiber oranı ve CNT geometrik parametrelerinin kompozit kirişlerin mekanik performansı üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmektedir. Sayısal bulgular, yük taşıma kapasitesi ve deformasyon özelliklerine ilişkin önemli hususlara ışık tutarak CNTH kirişlerin mekanik davranışlarına yönelik bilgiler vermektedir. Bu çalışma, havacılık, otomotiv, elektronik, biyomühendislik, inşaat ve çeşitli alanlarda kullanılan CNTH yapıların tasarımı ve optimizasyonu için etkili bir yöntem sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Büyük yer değiştirme analizi , CNT takviyesi , Hibrit çubuk , Karbon nanotüp , Kayma deformasyonu

Analysis of large displacement behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced shear deformable hybrid strengthened beams

Öz

In this study, a numerical solution is found for a significant engineering problem encountered in the structural design of carbon nanotube reinforced hybrid (CNTH) beams, but which is difficult to solve analytically. For this purpose, it is aimed to obtain high precision results in large displacement analyses of CNTH beams. CNTH structures are advanced materials in which carbon nanotube (CNT) is incorporated into a matrix to improve mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. In addition, CNT components form a hybrid structure with carbon fiber (CF). The mechanical bending behavior of CNTH beams under varying loading conditions is analyzed using the formulated finite element. Both displacement (u, w, ϕ) and internal force (N, T, M) components are determined as nodal values. The material properties of CNTH beams are included in the calculations using the Halpin-Tsai equation and the Voigt mixture rule technique. The effect of CNT volume fraction, fiber ratio, and CNT geometric parameters on the mechanical performance of composite beams is determined. The numerical findings provide information on the mechanical behavior of CNTH beams by shedding light on important issues regarding load carrying capacity and deformation properties. This study provides a significant method for the design and optimization of CNTH structures used in aerospace, automotive, electronics, bioengineering, construction and various engineering fields.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbon nanotube , CNT reinforced , Hybrid rod , Large deflection analysis , Shear deformation

Kaynakça

• [1] Iijima S. “Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon”. Nature, 354, 56-58, 1991.
• [2] Iijima S, Ichihashi T. “Single shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter” Nature, 363, 603, 1993.
• [3] Cadek M, Coleman J.N, Barron V, Hedicke K, Blau W.J. “Reinforcement of polymers with carbon nanotubes: The role of nanotube surface area”. Nano Letters, 4(2), 353-356, 2004.
• [4] Salvetat J.P, Briggs G.A.D, Bonard J.M, Bacsa R.R, Kulik A.J, Stockli T, Burnham N.A, Forro L. “Elastic and shear moduli of single-walled carbon nanotube ropes”. Physical Review Letters, 82(5), 944, 1999.
• [5] Odegard G.M., Gates T.S., Wise K.E., Park C. “Constitutive modeling of nanotube-reinforced polymer composites”. Composites Science and Technology, 63(11), 1671-1687, 2003.
• [6] Coleman J.N., Khan U., Blau W.J, Gun’ko Y.K. “Small but strong: A review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites”. Carbon, 44(9), 1624-1652, 2006.
• [7] Ajayan P.M., Tour J.M. “Nanotube composites”. Nature, 447(7148), 1066-1068, 2007.
• [8] Yu M.F., Files B.S, Arepalli S, Ruoff R.S. “Tensile loading of ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes and their mechanical properties”. Physical Review Letters, 84(24), 5552-5555, 2000.
• [9] Moniruzzaman M, Winey K.I. “Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes”, Macromolecules, 39(16), 5194-5205, 2006.
• [10] Bisshopp K.E, Drucker D.C. “Large deflection of cantilever beams”, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 3(3), 272–275, 1945.
• [11] Reissner E. “On one-dimensional finite-strain beam theory: The plane problem”, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics (ZAMP), 23(5), 795–804, 1972.
• [12] Reissner E. “On finite deformations of space-curved beams”, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics (ZAMP), 32(6), 734–744, 1981.
• [13] Pagani A, Carrera E. “Large-deflection and post-buckling analyses of laminated composite beams by Carrera Unified Formulation”. Composite Structures, 170, 40–52, 2017.
• [14] Savoia M, Tullini N. “Beam theory for strongly orthotropic materials”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 33(17), 2459–2484, 1996.
• [15] Khdeir A.A., Reddy J.N. “An exact solution for the bending of thin and thick cross-ply laminated beams”. Composite Structures, 37(2), 195–203, 1997.
• [16] Hajianmaleki M, Qatu M.S. “Static and vibration analyses of thick, generally laminated deep curved beams with different boundary conditions”, Composites: Part B, 43(4), 1767–1775, 2012.
• [17] Vo T.P, Thai H.T. “Static behavior of composite beams using various refined shear deformation theories”. Composite Structures, 94(8), 2513–2522, 2012.
• [18] Minguet P, Dugundjit J. “Experiments and Analysis for Composite Blades Under Large Deflections Part I : Static Behavior”, AIAA Journal, 28(9), 1573-1579, 1990.
• [19] Ghazavi A, Gordaninejad F. “Nonlinear bending of thick beams laminated from bimodular composite materials”, Composites Science and Technology, 36, 289–298, 1989.
• [20] Pai P.F, Nayfeh A.H. “A nonlinear composite beam theory”, Nonlinear Dynamics, 3, 273–303, 1992.
• [21] Emam S.A. “Analysis of shear-deformable composite beams in postbuckling”. Composite Structures, 94(1), 24–30, 2011.
• [22] Baghani M, Jafari-talookolaei R.A, Salarieh H. “Large amplitudes free vibrations and post-buckling analysis of unsymmetrically laminated composite beams on nonlinear elastic foundation”. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 35(1), 130–138, 2011.
• [23] Mareishi S, Rafiee M, He X.Q, Liew K.M. “Nonlinear free vibration, postbuckling and nonlinear static deflection of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced laminated composite beams”, Composites : Part B, 59, 123–132, 2014.
• [24] Kumar R, Kumar A, Kumar DR. “Buckling response of CNT based hybrid FG plates using finite element method and machine learning method”, Composite Structures, 319, 117204, 2023.
• [25] Zhu P, Lei Z.X, Liew K.M. “Static and free vibration analyses of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates using finite element method with first order shear deformation plate theory”, Composite Structures, 94 1450–1460, 2012.
• [26] Zhang L.W, Liew K.M. “Large deflection analysis of FG-CNT reinforced composite skew plates resting on Pasternak foundations using an element-free approach”, Composite Structures, 132, 974–983, 2015.
• [27] Chen W, Tao X, Liu Y. “Carbon nanotube-reinforced polyurethane composite fibers”, Composites Science and Technology, 66, 3029–3034, 2006.
• [28] Vo-Duy T, Ho-Huu V, Nguyen-Thoı T. “Free vibration analysis of laminated FG-CNT reinforced composite beams using finite element method”, Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 13(2): 324–336, 2019.
• [29] Taheri M.H, Memarzadeh P. “Effect of crack on shear buckling of CNTRC plates”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 229 107519, 2022.
• [30] Talebizadehsardari P, Eyvazian A, Asmael M, Karami B, Shahsavari D, Mahani R.B. “Static bending analysis of functionally graded polymer composite curved beams reinforced with carbon nanotubes”, Thin–Walled Structures, 157, 107139, 2020.
• [31] Güler S.H, Güler Ö. “Karbon nanotüp katkılanmış tio2’in elektriksel ve optik özellikleri”, Pamukkale Universitesi Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(7), 870-873, 2017.
• [32] Yılmaz Y, Çallıoğlu H, Balbay A. “Karbon nanotüp ile güçlendirilmiş cam fiber/epoksi ve karbon fiber/epoksi kompozit borusal yapıların yarı-statik ezilme ve enerji emilimi davranışlarının incelenmesi”, Pamukkale Universitesi Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 81-90, 2022.
• [33] Halpin J.C, Kardos J.L. “The Halpin-Tsai Equations A Review”, Polymer Engıneerıng And Scıence, 16(5), 344-352, 1976.
• [34] Oden J.D, Reddy J.N. Variational methods in theoretical mechanics, Springer, Berlin, 1976. [35] Bathe K-J. Finite Element Procedures. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996.