Impact of Global Warming on the Arctic Region and World Trade Routes

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 72 - 89, 10.10.2024

Mesut Şöhret

Öz

The Arctic region is increasingly recognized for its environmental changes and geopolitical importance caused by climate change. The Arctic has become a symbol of climate change in recent years, as rising temperatures worldwide have caused significant ice melt. The melting of Arctic glaciers presents opportunities and challenges for many countries in international politics. The environmental transformation experienced in the Arctic region is opening up new trade routes. It is also revealing previously inaccessible natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals. Melting glaciers may increase global trade, but they also raise concerns about environmental degradation and geopolitical tensions. While melting glaciers create new avenues for trade and resource extraction, they are also causing geopolitical tensions between major powers. As polar ice caps melt and new sea routes emerge, the Arctic has become a focal point for global competition between major powers, particularly the United States, Russia, and China. This study presents the effects of the global melting in the Arctic region on maritime trade routes and the current and future economic and commercial competition between states in this area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arctic Region, Global Warming, Climate Change, World Trade Routes, New Trade Routes in the Arctic Region

Küresel Isınmanın Arktik Bölge ve Dünya Ticaret Rotalarına Etkileri

Öz

Arktik bölgesi, yalnızca iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklanan çevresel değişiklikleriyle değil, aynı zamanda jeopolitik önemiyle de giderek daha fazla tanınmaktadır. Arktik, son yıllarda dünya genelinde artan sıcaklıkların önemli buz erimesine yol açmasıyla birlikte iklim değişikliğinin bir sembolü haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Arktik buzullarının erimesi uluslararası politikada birçok ülke için hem fırsatlar hem de zorluklar sunuyor. Öyle ki Arktik bölgede yaşanan çevresel dönüşüm, yeni ticaret rotaları açmaktadır. Ayrıca petrol, gaz ve mineraller gibi daha önce erişilemeyen doğal kaynakları ortaya çıkarıyor. Eriyen buzullar, küresel ticareti artırabilecek ancak aynı zamanda çevresel bozulma ve jeopolitik gerginlikler konusunda endişelere yol açmaktadır. Buzulların erimesi bir taraftan ticaret ve kaynak çıkarma için yeni yolları ortaya çıkarırken, aynı zamanda büyük güçler arasındaki jeopolitik gerginliklerinde artmasına neden olmaktadır. Kutuplardaki buzullar eridikçe ve yeni deniz rotaları ortaya çıktıkça Arktik, özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Rusya ve Çin olmak üzere büyük güçler arasındaki küresel rekabetin odak noktası haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Arktik bölgede yaşanan küresel erimenin deniz ticaret yolları üzerindeki etkileri ve bu alanda devletler arasındaki mevcut ve gelecekteki ekonomik ve ticari rekabet ortaya konulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arktik Bölgesi, Küresel Isınma, İklim Değişikliği, Dünya Ticaret Yolları, Arktik Bölgesi’nde Yeni Ticaret Yolları

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