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“Nothing About Us Without Us” -Rhetorical Analysis of Greenland’s Arctic Policy

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 175 - 194, 10.10.2024

Öz

This study investigates Greenland's Arctic policy, issued in February 2024, through rhetorical analysis, to understand how Greenland envisions its future role in the Arctic, considering geopolitical and cultural historical factors. Utilizing critical policy analysis employing rhetoric, this research examines numerous rhetorical dimensions of Greenland’s Arctic policy document. Findings reveal that Greenland positions itself as a strong, independent actor in Arctic affairs, emphasizing the principle "nothing about us without us." The results demonstrate that Greenland’s Arctic Policy is forward-looking, metaphorical, and assertive, reflecting Greenland's clear vision of its role in Arctic geopolitics and its demand for a significant presence in forums, such as the Arctic Council. This analysis contributes to a broader understanding of policy argumentation by highlighting the importance of qualitative evidence, ethical considerations, and balanced rhetorical device use in shaping persuasive policy documents. This study offers valuable insights for academic research on policy rhetoric and practical discussions on international relations and Arctic affairs.

Kaynakça

  • Ackrén, M. (2014). Greenlandic paradiplomatic relations. In: Heininen, L. (Eds.), Security and sovereignty in the North Atlantic. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137470720_4
  • Ackrén, M., & Jakobsen, U. (2015). Greenland as a self-governing sub-national territory in international relations: Past, current and future perspectives. Polar Record, 51(4), 404–412. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003224741400028X
  • Ackrén, M., & Jakobsen, U. (2024). The Capacity of self-government in Greenland. In: Sundberg, J., Sjöblom, S. (Eds.), Governing partially independent nation-territories. Palgrave Studies in Sub-National Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54176-6_5
  • Ball, S. (1994). Education reform. McGraw-Hill Education
  • Barry, T., Daviðsdóttir, B., Einarsson, N., & Young, O. R. (2020). The Arctic Council: An agent of change? Global Environmental Change, 63, 102099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102099
  • Bijak, J. (2023). Proces kształtowania się grenlandzkiego ruchu separatystycznego w latach 1964–1979. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia, 30(1), 17-30 https://doi.org/10.17951/k.2023.30.1.
  • Bitzer, L. F. (1968). The rhetorical situation. Philosophy & Rhetoric, 1-14.
  • Bowe, R., Ball, S. J., & Gold, A. (2017). Reforming education and changing schools: Case studies in policy sociology. Routledge.
  • EU (2023). EU and Greenland sign strategic partnership on sustainable raw materials value chains. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_6166
  • Breum, M. (2023, May 17). Greenland drafts constitution for its ultimate independence. Arctic Today. https://www.arctictoday.com/greenland-drafts-constitution-for-its-ultimate-independence/
  • Dragsdahl, J. (2005). Denmark and Greenland: American defences and domestic agendas. Contemporary Security Policy, 26(3), 486-504.
  • Breum, M. (2024, February 27). Greenland’s first security strategy looks west as the Arctic heats up. Arctic Today. https://www.arctictoday.com/greenland-looks-west-as-the-arctic-heats-up/
  • Brincker, B. (2022). Greenland: Autonomy in the Arctic region. In B.CH. Fong & A. Ichijo (Eds.), The routledge handbook of comparative territorial autonomies (pp. 166-177). Routledge.
  • Caulfield, J. (2023). How to write a rhetorical analysis: Key concepts & examples. https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/rhetorical-analysis/
  • Charlton, J. I. (1998). Nothing about us without us: Disability oppression and empowerment. University of California Press.
  • Christiansen, F. G. (2022). Greenland mineral exploration history. Mineral Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-022-00350-2
  • Dadwal, S. R. (2014). Arctic: The next great game in energy geopolitics? Strategic Analysis, 38(6), 812–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2014.952936
  • Dahl, J. (2010). Identity, urbanization and political demography in Greenland. Acta Borealia, 27(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2010.527528
  • DeCocco, P. (2020). Arctic Policy: Learning from Current Arctic Strategies.Energy Academic Group. https://nps.edu/documents/114698888/121792798/DeCocco_Arctic+Policies+Report+%288-21-20%29.pdf/d923ea70-1525-dadb-06d4-8d0444557b79?t=1598562199001
  • Dzik, A. J. (2014). Kangerlussuaq: Evolution and maturation of a cultural landscape in Greenland. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series, 24, 57-69.
  • Edelman, M. (1988). Constructing the political spectacle. University of Chicago Press.
  • Edwards, R., Nicoll, K., Solomon, N., & Usher, R. (2013). Rhetoric and educational discourse: Persuasive texts. Routledge.
  • Ellekrog, O. (2024, 23 February) Call for Arctic cooperation in Greenland’s new foreign policy strategy. Polar Journal. https://polarjournal.ch/en/2024/02/23/call-for-arctic-cooperation-in-greenlands-new-foreign-policy-strategy/
  • Feldt, L. (2022). Geopolitical shifts: Issues and challenges for the Arctic Region. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004516489_005
  • Finlayson, A. (2007). From beliefs to arguments: Interpretive methodology and rhetorical political analysis. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(4), 545-563.
  • Frost, M. H. (2017). Introduction to classical legal rhetoric: A lost heritage. Routledge.
  • Gmach, I., Chaabane, N., AlFryyan, A. A., Mustafa, N. O., Alomari, N., Hellal, A., Abdullah, A. R., Matahen, R., Aldiabat, S.Q & Kanan, E. (2022, December). Understanding decision-making in terms of its semantics. In 2022 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) (pp. 735-741). IEEE.
  • Greenland’s Arctic Policy (2024). Greenland in the World. Nothing about us without us.High North News. Greenland’s foreign, security and defense policy 2024-2033– an Arctic Strategy. https://vivian.gl/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/greenlands_foreign_-security_and_defense_policy_2024_2033.pdf
  • Grydehøj, A. (2020). Government, policies, and priorities in Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland): Roads to Independence. In: Coates, K.S., Holroyd, C. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20557-7_14
  • Heininen, L, Everett, K., Padrtova, B., Reissell, A. (2019). Arctic policies and strategies: Analysis, synthesis, and trends. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. https://doi.org/10.22022/AFI/11-2019.16175
  • Heininen, L. (2011). Arctic strategies and policies: Inventory and comparative study. Northern Research Forum.
  • Heymann, M., Knudsen, H., Lolck, M. L., Nielsen, H., Nielsen, K. H., & Ries, C. J. (2010). Exploring Greenland: Science and technology in Cold War settings. Scientia Canadensis, 33(2), 11-42.
  • Heinrich, J. (2023). Greenland: From colony to self-government, 1721–2021. In A. Howkins & P. Roberts (Eds.), The cambridge history of the polar regions (pp. 487–509). Cambridge University Press.
  • Henriksen, N., Higgins, A. K., Kalsbeek, F., & Pulvertaft, T. C. R. (2009). Greenland from archaean to quaternary. Descriptive text to the 1995 Geological map of Greenland, 1:2 500 000. (2nd edition). GEUS Bulletin, 18, 1–126.https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v18.4993
  • Høegh, K. (2024). Greenland's foreign policy, past and present: From the merchants' message to bilateral agreements. Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, 29(2), 181.
  • Jacobsen, M. (2020). Greenland’s Arctic advantage: Articulations, acts and appearances of sovereignty games. Cooperation and Conflict, 55(2), 170-192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836719882476
  • Jasinski, J. (2001). Sourcebook on rhetoric (Vol. 4). Sage Publications.
  • Johnstone, R.L. (2020). The impact of international law on natural resource governance in Greenland. Polar Record;56:e21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247419000287
  • Kleist, M. (2019). Grønlands udenrigspolitik og internationale relationer: Nuværende rammer og mulig udvikling i et selvstændighedsperspektiv. Politik, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v22i1.114842
  • König, P. D. (2019). A magic bullet in policy communication? On the ambiguous use of framing in policy research. Policy Studies, 42(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581153
  • Krivorotov, A. K. (2021). Greenland and Denmark: Arctic secessionism in the power field of world politics. Contours of Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, Law, 14(1), 118-134.
  • Leach, J. (2000). Rhetorical analysis. In qualitative researching with text, image and sound (pp. 208-226). SAGE Publications Ltd, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209731
  • Martin, J. (2013). Politics and rhetoric: A critical introduction. Routledge.
  • Martín, J. M. R. (2018). Policies and strategies for the Arctic: A review of the approaches to human security in the Arctic. Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic, 19-49.
  • Martinussen, B. A. M. (2024, February 27). Greenland with new Arctic strategy: Defense, diplomacy and peace. High North News. https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/greenland-new-arctic-strategy-defense-diplomacy-and-peace
  • Nartey, M., & Yankson, F. E. (2014). A semantic investigation into the use of modal auxiliary verbs in the manifesto of a Ghanaian political party. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(3), 21-30.
  • Nielsen, F. A. J., & Kjærgaard, T. (2021). Den første grønlandske bog. Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger, 60, 73–107. https://doi.org/10.7146/fof.v60i.130495
  • Peimani, H. (2013). Energy security and geopolitics in the Arctic: Challenges and opportunities in the 21st century. World Scientific.
  • Pereira, V., Tomas, C., Sanchez, J. J., Syndercombe-Court, D., Amorim, A., Gusmão, L., Prata, M. J., & Morling, N. (2015). The peopling of Greenland: Further insights from the analysis of genetic diversity using autosomal and X-chromosomal markers. European Journal of Human Genetics, 23(2), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.90
  • Pini, M. E., & Gorostiaga, J. M. (2008). Teacher education and development policies: Critical discourse analysis from a comparative perspective. International Review of Education, 54, 427-443.
  • Quinn, G. (2009). A short guide to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Eur. YB Disability L., 1, 89.
  • Rabang, N. J., West, A. E., Kurtz, E., Warne, J., & Hiratsuka, V. Y. (2023). Disability decolonized: Indigenous peoples enacting self-determination. Developmental Disabilities Network Journal, 3(1), 11.
  • Rasmussen, R. Ole (2024, August 3). Greenland. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Greenland
  • Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2009). Globalizing education policy. Routledge.
  • Rud, S. (2017). Towards a post-colonial Greenland: Culture, identity, and colonial legacy. In Colonialism in Greenland. Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46158-8_7
  • Saalbach, K. (2024). The geopolitics of Greenland and the Arctic. Geostrategy and Geopolitics Department, Osnabrueck. https://osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/bitstream/ds-2024020210404/1/Geopolitics_Greenland_Arctic_2024_Saalbach.pdf
  • Selzer, J. (2003). Rhetorical analysis: Understanding how texts persuade readers. In C.Bazerman & P. Prior (Eds.), What writing does and how it does it (pp. 285-314). Routledge.
  • Serova, N., Korchak, E., & Skufina, T. (2020, February). The Arctic: Strategic priorities of circumpolar countries. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 753(7), 072022. IOP Publishing.
  • Smieszek, M. (2019). Do the cures match the problem? Reforming the Arctic Council. Polar Record, 55(3), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247419000263
  • Sørensen, M. (2020). History of Human Occupation of Greenland. In M. I. Goldstein & D. A. DellaSala (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes (pp. 587–594). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11751-8
  • Stolac, D., & Vlastelić, A. (2022). Imperativeness in recommendations for protection against the coronavirus. Collegium Antropologicum, 46(3), 237-246.
  • The Ilullisat Declaration (2008). Arctic. https://arcticportal.org/images/stories/pdf/Ilulissat-declaration.pdf
  • Thiesen, H., & Minton, S. J. (2022). Historical background. In Greenland’s Stolen Indigenous Children. Routledge.
  • Thisted, K. (2022). Blame, shame, and atonement: Greenlandic responses to racialized discourses about Greenlanders and Danes. Journal of Critical Mixed-Race Studies, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5070/C81258339
  • Torres, P. J. (2021). The role of modals in policies: The US opioid crisis as a case study. Applied Corpus Linguistics, 1(3), 100008.
  • University of Colorado (2024). User Guide to Writing Policies. https://www.cu.edu/sites/default/files/APSwritingguide.pdf
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  • Volpe, M. (2021). The tortuous path of China's win-win strategy in Greenland. The Arctic Institute's China Series 2020, 10-17. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/tortuous-path-china-win-win-strategy-greenland/
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“Biz Olmadan, Bizimle İlgili Hiçbir Şey Olmaz” – Grönland’ın Arktik Politikasının Retorik Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 175 - 194, 10.10.2024

Öz

Bu çalışma, Grönland'ın Şubat 2024’te yayınlanan Arktik politikasını, jeopolitik ve kültürel tarihsel faktörleri göz önünde bulundurarak, Grönland'ın Arktik'teki gelecekteki rolünü nasıl öngördüğünü anlamak için retorik analiz yoluyla incelemektedir. Eleştirel politika analizi yöntemi kullanarak, Grönland’ın Arktik politika belgesindeki çeşitli retorik boyutlar değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Grönland’ın kendisini Arktik meselelerinde güçlü, bağımsız bir aktör olarak konumlandırdığını ve “biz olmadan, bizimle ilgili hiçbir şey olmaz” ilkesini vurguladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar, Grönland’ın Arktik Politikası’nın ileriye dönük, metaforik ve iddialı olduğunu, Grönland’ın Arktik jeopolitiğindeki rolü konusunda net bir vizyona sahip olduğunu ve Arktik Konseyi gibi forumlarda önemli bir varlık talep ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu analiz, ikna edici politika belgelerini şekillendirmede nitel kanıtların, etik değerlendirmelerin ve dengeli retorik araç kullanımının önemini vurgulayarak politika argümantasyonunun daha geniş bir şekilde anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, politika retoriği üzerine akademik araştırmalar ve uluslararası ilişkiler ile Arktik meseleleri üzerine pratik tartışmalar için değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ackrén, M. (2014). Greenlandic paradiplomatic relations. In: Heininen, L. (Eds.), Security and sovereignty in the North Atlantic. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137470720_4
  • Ackrén, M., & Jakobsen, U. (2015). Greenland as a self-governing sub-national territory in international relations: Past, current and future perspectives. Polar Record, 51(4), 404–412. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003224741400028X
  • Ackrén, M., & Jakobsen, U. (2024). The Capacity of self-government in Greenland. In: Sundberg, J., Sjöblom, S. (Eds.), Governing partially independent nation-territories. Palgrave Studies in Sub-National Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54176-6_5
  • Ball, S. (1994). Education reform. McGraw-Hill Education
  • Barry, T., Daviðsdóttir, B., Einarsson, N., & Young, O. R. (2020). The Arctic Council: An agent of change? Global Environmental Change, 63, 102099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102099
  • Bijak, J. (2023). Proces kształtowania się grenlandzkiego ruchu separatystycznego w latach 1964–1979. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia, 30(1), 17-30 https://doi.org/10.17951/k.2023.30.1.
  • Bitzer, L. F. (1968). The rhetorical situation. Philosophy & Rhetoric, 1-14.
  • Bowe, R., Ball, S. J., & Gold, A. (2017). Reforming education and changing schools: Case studies in policy sociology. Routledge.
  • EU (2023). EU and Greenland sign strategic partnership on sustainable raw materials value chains. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_6166
  • Breum, M. (2023, May 17). Greenland drafts constitution for its ultimate independence. Arctic Today. https://www.arctictoday.com/greenland-drafts-constitution-for-its-ultimate-independence/
  • Dragsdahl, J. (2005). Denmark and Greenland: American defences and domestic agendas. Contemporary Security Policy, 26(3), 486-504.
  • Breum, M. (2024, February 27). Greenland’s first security strategy looks west as the Arctic heats up. Arctic Today. https://www.arctictoday.com/greenland-looks-west-as-the-arctic-heats-up/
  • Brincker, B. (2022). Greenland: Autonomy in the Arctic region. In B.CH. Fong & A. Ichijo (Eds.), The routledge handbook of comparative territorial autonomies (pp. 166-177). Routledge.
  • Caulfield, J. (2023). How to write a rhetorical analysis: Key concepts & examples. https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/rhetorical-analysis/
  • Charlton, J. I. (1998). Nothing about us without us: Disability oppression and empowerment. University of California Press.
  • Christiansen, F. G. (2022). Greenland mineral exploration history. Mineral Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-022-00350-2
  • Dadwal, S. R. (2014). Arctic: The next great game in energy geopolitics? Strategic Analysis, 38(6), 812–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2014.952936
  • Dahl, J. (2010). Identity, urbanization and political demography in Greenland. Acta Borealia, 27(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2010.527528
  • DeCocco, P. (2020). Arctic Policy: Learning from Current Arctic Strategies.Energy Academic Group. https://nps.edu/documents/114698888/121792798/DeCocco_Arctic+Policies+Report+%288-21-20%29.pdf/d923ea70-1525-dadb-06d4-8d0444557b79?t=1598562199001
  • Dzik, A. J. (2014). Kangerlussuaq: Evolution and maturation of a cultural landscape in Greenland. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series, 24, 57-69.
  • Edelman, M. (1988). Constructing the political spectacle. University of Chicago Press.
  • Edwards, R., Nicoll, K., Solomon, N., & Usher, R. (2013). Rhetoric and educational discourse: Persuasive texts. Routledge.
  • Ellekrog, O. (2024, 23 February) Call for Arctic cooperation in Greenland’s new foreign policy strategy. Polar Journal. https://polarjournal.ch/en/2024/02/23/call-for-arctic-cooperation-in-greenlands-new-foreign-policy-strategy/
  • Feldt, L. (2022). Geopolitical shifts: Issues and challenges for the Arctic Region. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004516489_005
  • Finlayson, A. (2007). From beliefs to arguments: Interpretive methodology and rhetorical political analysis. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(4), 545-563.
  • Frost, M. H. (2017). Introduction to classical legal rhetoric: A lost heritage. Routledge.
  • Gmach, I., Chaabane, N., AlFryyan, A. A., Mustafa, N. O., Alomari, N., Hellal, A., Abdullah, A. R., Matahen, R., Aldiabat, S.Q & Kanan, E. (2022, December). Understanding decision-making in terms of its semantics. In 2022 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) (pp. 735-741). IEEE.
  • Greenland’s Arctic Policy (2024). Greenland in the World. Nothing about us without us.High North News. Greenland’s foreign, security and defense policy 2024-2033– an Arctic Strategy. https://vivian.gl/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/greenlands_foreign_-security_and_defense_policy_2024_2033.pdf
  • Grydehøj, A. (2020). Government, policies, and priorities in Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland): Roads to Independence. In: Coates, K.S., Holroyd, C. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20557-7_14
  • Heininen, L, Everett, K., Padrtova, B., Reissell, A. (2019). Arctic policies and strategies: Analysis, synthesis, and trends. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. https://doi.org/10.22022/AFI/11-2019.16175
  • Heininen, L. (2011). Arctic strategies and policies: Inventory and comparative study. Northern Research Forum.
  • Heymann, M., Knudsen, H., Lolck, M. L., Nielsen, H., Nielsen, K. H., & Ries, C. J. (2010). Exploring Greenland: Science and technology in Cold War settings. Scientia Canadensis, 33(2), 11-42.
  • Heinrich, J. (2023). Greenland: From colony to self-government, 1721–2021. In A. Howkins & P. Roberts (Eds.), The cambridge history of the polar regions (pp. 487–509). Cambridge University Press.
  • Henriksen, N., Higgins, A. K., Kalsbeek, F., & Pulvertaft, T. C. R. (2009). Greenland from archaean to quaternary. Descriptive text to the 1995 Geological map of Greenland, 1:2 500 000. (2nd edition). GEUS Bulletin, 18, 1–126.https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v18.4993
  • Høegh, K. (2024). Greenland's foreign policy, past and present: From the merchants' message to bilateral agreements. Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, 29(2), 181.
  • Jacobsen, M. (2020). Greenland’s Arctic advantage: Articulations, acts and appearances of sovereignty games. Cooperation and Conflict, 55(2), 170-192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836719882476
  • Jasinski, J. (2001). Sourcebook on rhetoric (Vol. 4). Sage Publications.
  • Johnstone, R.L. (2020). The impact of international law on natural resource governance in Greenland. Polar Record;56:e21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247419000287
  • Kleist, M. (2019). Grønlands udenrigspolitik og internationale relationer: Nuværende rammer og mulig udvikling i et selvstændighedsperspektiv. Politik, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v22i1.114842
  • König, P. D. (2019). A magic bullet in policy communication? On the ambiguous use of framing in policy research. Policy Studies, 42(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581153
  • Krivorotov, A. K. (2021). Greenland and Denmark: Arctic secessionism in the power field of world politics. Contours of Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, Law, 14(1), 118-134.
  • Leach, J. (2000). Rhetorical analysis. In qualitative researching with text, image and sound (pp. 208-226). SAGE Publications Ltd, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209731
  • Martin, J. (2013). Politics and rhetoric: A critical introduction. Routledge.
  • Martín, J. M. R. (2018). Policies and strategies for the Arctic: A review of the approaches to human security in the Arctic. Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic, 19-49.
  • Martinussen, B. A. M. (2024, February 27). Greenland with new Arctic strategy: Defense, diplomacy and peace. High North News. https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/greenland-new-arctic-strategy-defense-diplomacy-and-peace
  • Nartey, M., & Yankson, F. E. (2014). A semantic investigation into the use of modal auxiliary verbs in the manifesto of a Ghanaian political party. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(3), 21-30.
  • Nielsen, F. A. J., & Kjærgaard, T. (2021). Den første grønlandske bog. Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger, 60, 73–107. https://doi.org/10.7146/fof.v60i.130495
  • Peimani, H. (2013). Energy security and geopolitics in the Arctic: Challenges and opportunities in the 21st century. World Scientific.
  • Pereira, V., Tomas, C., Sanchez, J. J., Syndercombe-Court, D., Amorim, A., Gusmão, L., Prata, M. J., & Morling, N. (2015). The peopling of Greenland: Further insights from the analysis of genetic diversity using autosomal and X-chromosomal markers. European Journal of Human Genetics, 23(2), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.90
  • Pini, M. E., & Gorostiaga, J. M. (2008). Teacher education and development policies: Critical discourse analysis from a comparative perspective. International Review of Education, 54, 427-443.
  • Quinn, G. (2009). A short guide to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Eur. YB Disability L., 1, 89.
  • Rabang, N. J., West, A. E., Kurtz, E., Warne, J., & Hiratsuka, V. Y. (2023). Disability decolonized: Indigenous peoples enacting self-determination. Developmental Disabilities Network Journal, 3(1), 11.
  • Rasmussen, R. Ole (2024, August 3). Greenland. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Greenland
  • Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2009). Globalizing education policy. Routledge.
  • Rud, S. (2017). Towards a post-colonial Greenland: Culture, identity, and colonial legacy. In Colonialism in Greenland. Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46158-8_7
  • Saalbach, K. (2024). The geopolitics of Greenland and the Arctic. Geostrategy and Geopolitics Department, Osnabrueck. https://osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/bitstream/ds-2024020210404/1/Geopolitics_Greenland_Arctic_2024_Saalbach.pdf
  • Selzer, J. (2003). Rhetorical analysis: Understanding how texts persuade readers. In C.Bazerman & P. Prior (Eds.), What writing does and how it does it (pp. 285-314). Routledge.
  • Serova, N., Korchak, E., & Skufina, T. (2020, February). The Arctic: Strategic priorities of circumpolar countries. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 753(7), 072022. IOP Publishing.
  • Smieszek, M. (2019). Do the cures match the problem? Reforming the Arctic Council. Polar Record, 55(3), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247419000263
  • Sørensen, M. (2020). History of Human Occupation of Greenland. In M. I. Goldstein & D. A. DellaSala (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes (pp. 587–594). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11751-8
  • Stolac, D., & Vlastelić, A. (2022). Imperativeness in recommendations for protection against the coronavirus. Collegium Antropologicum, 46(3), 237-246.
  • The Ilullisat Declaration (2008). Arctic. https://arcticportal.org/images/stories/pdf/Ilulissat-declaration.pdf
  • Thiesen, H., & Minton, S. J. (2022). Historical background. In Greenland’s Stolen Indigenous Children. Routledge.
  • Thisted, K. (2022). Blame, shame, and atonement: Greenlandic responses to racialized discourses about Greenlanders and Danes. Journal of Critical Mixed-Race Studies, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5070/C81258339
  • Torres, P. J. (2021). The role of modals in policies: The US opioid crisis as a case study. Applied Corpus Linguistics, 1(3), 100008.
  • University of Colorado (2024). User Guide to Writing Policies. https://www.cu.edu/sites/default/files/APSwritingguide.pdf
  • Van Brunnersum, S. (2022). China failed its Arctic ambitions in Greenland. (2022, 22 October). POLITICO. https://www.politico.eu/article/china-arctic-greenland-united-states/
  • Visit Greenland (2024). Greenland’s modern path to independence. Visit Greenland. https://visitgreenland.com/articles/greenlands-modern-path-to-independence/
  • Volpe, M. (2021). The tortuous path of China's win-win strategy in Greenland. The Arctic Institute's China Series 2020, 10-17. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/tortuous-path-china-win-win-strategy-greenland/
  • Winton, S. (2013). Rhetorical analysis in critical policy research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 26(2), 158-177.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Alexandra Middleton Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9345-6426

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Ekim 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA Middleton, A. (2024). “Nothing About Us Without Us” -Rhetorical Analysis of Greenland’s Arctic Policy. Paradigma: İktisadi Ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(Özel Sayı), 175-194.