ENDÜSTRİYEL NESNELERİN İNTERNETİNİN TEDARİK ZİNCİRİNDE KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 53 - 74, 08.04.2020

Bora Deral , İpek Kazançoğlu

Öz

Endüstri 4.0, “akıllı fabrika” diye de adlandırılan kurumsal altyapı oluşturmak için iş sürecinin otomasyonuna odaklanmaktadır. Üretim ve tedarik zinciri yönetiminin önemini kavrayan şirketler için daha bütüncül ve güçlü bağlantılara sahip bir ekosistemi oluşturmak için fiziki üretim işlemlerini ve siber dünyayı, Endüstriyel Nesnelerin İnterneti (IIoT), akıllı dijital teknoloji, makine öğrenimi ve büyük veri aracılığıyla birleştirmektedir.

Bu çalışmada amaç, Endüstriyel Nesnelerin İnterneti teknolojisinin (IIoT) üretim sektöründe fabrika içi tedarik zinciri yönetimi üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaçla, araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan derinlemesine görüşme tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışma kapsamında İzmir Ege Serbest Bölgesinde ve Manisa Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren büyük ölçekli iki sanayi firmasının üst düzey yöneticileriyle görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada verilerin analizinde “içerik analiz yöntemi” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Endüstriyel Nesneleri İnternetinin firmaların özellikle iç tedarik zincirindeki birçok süreçte çok olumlu etkileri olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, görüşmelerden elde edilen kodlar doğrultusunda nesnelerin internetinin “verinin dijitalleşmesi”, “kalitenin artması”, “verimlilikte artış”, “maliyetlerde düşüş”, “veri takibi” gibi, Endüstri 4.0’ın en büyük faydalarından olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Zaman sınırı dolayısıyla çalışmanın iki üretici firmayla sınırlandırılmış olması çalışmadaki kısıtlar olarak kabul edilebilir. Literatürde, Endüstriyel Nesnelerin İnterneti uygulamalarının sadece şirket içi tedarik zinciri üzerindeki etkisi üzerine yapılan çalışma sayısının oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu yönden bu çalışmanın, konuyla ilgili pratikteki uygulamalar üzerinden literatüre katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstriyel Nesnelerin İnterneti (IIoT), Şirket içi tedarik zinciri, Dijital Dönüşüm, Endüstri 4.0, IoT

Kaynakça

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