The effect of exercise habits in surgeons on musculoskeletal pain and posture

Öz

Purpose: To determine the difference between musculoskeletal pain and postures of surgeons who do/do not exercise regularly.
Materials and methods: Surgeons who have been working in our hospital for at least one year and have similar ergonomic risks were divided into two groups according to whether they have regular exercise habits or not.
Descriptive information form, Orebro musculoskeletal pain screening questionnaire (OMPQ), New York posture rating, and workplace ergonomic risk assessment were conducted in a face-to-face setting with participants.
Results: The study included 78.9% (n=45) male and 21.1% (n=12) female surgeons. 10.5% (n=6) of surgeons reported having a work-related health problem or injury during their professional life. It was determined that 7% (n=4) of the surgeons had low, 89.5% (n=51) moderate and 3.5% (n=2) high-level ergonomic risk. All surgeons that participating in the study had an excellent posture. Surgeons who exercised regularly (n=21) had a lower body mass index (p=0.018) and a more straight posture (p=0.023). Although the OMPQ score was higher in surgeons who did not exercise regularly, no statistically significant difference was found (p˃0.05). The OMPQ score was negatively correlated with the New York posture rating score. However, the New York posture rating showed a negative linear relationship with body mass index and a positive linear relationship with exercise duration and total exercise time (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: The majority of the surgeons in the study were found to have a moderate level of ergonomic risk, and all of them had excellent posture. The habit of exercising positively impacted the surgeons' body mass index, work-related musculoskeletal pain level, and posture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Surgeon
• exercise
• pain
• posture

Cerrahlardaki egzersiz alışkanlığının kas-iskelet sistemi ağrısına ve postüre etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Düzenli egzersiz yapma alışkanlığı olan ve olmayan cerrahların, kas-iskelet sistemi ağrıları ve postürleri arasındaki farkın belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve yöntem: Hastanemizde en az bir yıldır çalışan ve benzer ergonomik risklere sahip olan cerrahlar düzenli egzersiz yapma alışkanlıklarının olup olmamasına göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Katılımcıların; tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, Örebro kas-iskelet ağrı tarama anketi (ÖKİA), New York postür derecelendirmesi ve işyeri ergonomik risk değerlendirmesi yüz yüze ortamda yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya, %78,9 (n=45)’u erkek ve %21,1 (n=12)’i kadın cerrah dahil edildi. Cerrahların %10,5 (n=6)’i, meslek hayatları boyunca işleri ile ilgili sağlık sorunu/yaralanma geçirdiklerini bildirdi. Cerrahların %7 (n=4)’sinin düşük, %89,5 (n=51)’inin orta ve %3,5 (n=2)’inin yüksek düzeyde ergonomik riske sahip olduğu saptandı. Çalışmaya katılan tüm cerrahların, çok iyi düzeyde postüre sahip oldukları belirlendi. Egzersiz yapma alışkanlığı olan cerrahların (n=21) vücut kütle indeksinin daha düşük (p=0,018) ve postürünün daha düzgün olduğu tespit edildi (p=0,023). Düzenli egzersiz yapmayan cerrahların ÖKİA puanı daha yüksek olmakla birlikte istatistiksel anlamlı fark belirlenmedi (p˃0,05). ÖKİA puanının New York postür derecelendirmesi puanı ile negatif yönlü; New York postür derecelendirmesinin ise vücut kütle indeksi ile negatif yönlü, egzersiz süresi ve egzersiz yılı ile pozitif yönlü doğrusal ilişki gösterdiği tespit edildi (p˂0,05).
Sonuç: Çalışmaya katılan cerrahların çoğunluğunun orta düzeyde ergonomik riske, tamamının ise çok iyi düzeyde postüre sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Egzersiz yapma alışkanlığının cerrahların vücut kütle indeksi, iş kaynaklı kas-iskelet sistemi ağrısı düzeyi ve postür düzgünlüğüne olumlu etkisi olduğu belirlendi. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cerrah
• egzersiz
• ağrı
• postür

Kaynakça

1. 1. Dalager T, Højmark A, Jensen PT, Søgaard K, Andersen LN. Using an intervention mapping approach to develop prevention and rehabilitation strategies for musculoskeletal pain among surgeons. BMC Public Health 2019;19:320. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6625-4
2. 2. Dalager T, Søgaard K, Bech KT, Mogensen O, Jensen PT. Musculoskeletal pain among surgeons performing minimally invasive surgery: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 2017;31:516-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5020-9
3. 3. Dalager T, Søgaard K, Boyle E, Jensen PT, Mogensen O. Surgery is physically demanding and associated with multisite musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional study. J Surg Res 2019;240:30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.02.048
4. 4. Knudsen ML, Ludewig PM, Braman JP. Musculoskeletal pain in resident orthopaedic surgeons: results of a novel survey. Iowa Orthop J 2014;34:190-196.
5. 5. Ruitenburg M, Frings Dresen M, Sluiter J. Physical job demands and related health complaints among surgeons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013;86:271-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0763-7
6. 6. Wells AC, Kjellman M, Harper SJ, Forsman M, Hallbeck MS. Operating hurts: a study of EAES surgeons. Surg Endosc 2019;33:933-940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-018-6574-5
7. 7. Adams SR, Hacker MR, McKinney JL, Elkadry EA, Rosenblatt PL. Musculoskeletal pain in gynecologic surgeons. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013;20:656-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2013.04.013
8. 8. Hotton M, Miller R, Chan J. Performance anxiety among surgeons. The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2019;101:20-26. https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2019.20

9. 9. Radunz S, Hoyer DP, Kaiser GM, Paul A, Schulze M. Career intentions of female surgeons in German liver transplant centers considering family and lifestyle priorities. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2017;402:143-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-016-1434-z
10. 10. Asghari E, Dianat I, Abdollahzadeh F, et al. Musculoskeletal pain in operating room nurses: associations with quality of work life, working posture, socio-demographic and job characteristics. Int J Ind Ergon 2019;72:330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2019.06.009
11. 11. Öncü J, Ilişer R, Kuran B. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire among Turkish workers with low back pain. J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil 2016;29:135-143. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-150609
12. 12. Orthopedic physical assessment. Available at: https://www.clinicalkey.com/dura/browse/bookChapter/3-s2.0-C20100689619. Accessed August 15, 2021
13. 13. Abd Rahman MN, RANI MRA, Rohani JM. WERA: an observational tool develop to investigate the physical risk factor associated with WMSDs. J Hum Ergol 2011;40:19-36. https://doi.org/10.11183/JHE.40.19
14. 14. Catanzarite T, Tan Kim J, Whitcomb EL, Menefee S. Ergonomics in surgery: a review. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2018;24:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000000456
15. 15. Meltzer AJ, Hallbeck MS, Morrow MM, et al. Measuring ergonomic risk in operating surgeons by using wearable technology. JAMA Surg 2020;155:444-446. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.6384
16. 16. Foright R, Presby D, Sherk V, et al. Is regular exercise an effective strategy for weight loss maintenance? Physiol Behav 2018;188:86-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.025
17. 17. Pandey A, LaMonte M, Klein L, et al. Relationship between physical activity, body mass index, and risk of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:1129-1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.081
18. 18. Swift DL, McGee JE, Earnest CP, Carlisle E, Nygard M, Johannsen NM. The effects of exercise and physical activity on weight loss and maintenance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018;61:206-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.014
19. 19. Booth J, Moseley GL, Schiltenwolf M, Cashin A, Davies M, Hübscher M. Exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a biopsychosocial approach. Musculoskeletal Care 2017;15:413-421. https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1191
20. 20. Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Brandt M, Jay K, Aagaard P, Andersen LL. Effect of workplace-versus home-based physical exercise on musculoskeletal pain among healthcare workers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Scand J Work Environ Health 2015;41:153-163. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3479
21. 21. Kim D, Cho M, Park Y, Yang Y. Effect of an exercise program for posture correction on musculoskeletal pain. J Phys Ther Sci 2015;27:1791-1794. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.1791
22. 22. Molina Garcia P, Mora Gonzalez J, Migueles JH, et al. Effects of Exercise on Body Posture, Functional Movement, and Physical Fitness in Children With Overweight/Obesity. J Strength Cond Res 2020;34:2146-2155. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003655
23. 23. Vranešić Hadžimehmedović D, Bajramović I, Likić S, Tabaković M, Imamović D. Effects of four-month exercise program on correction of body posture of persons with different visual impairment. J Anthr Sport Phys Educ 2018;2:15-18. https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.180403