Sağlık çalışanlarının kişilik tipleri ve başa çıkma tarzlarının koronavirüs kaygı düzeylerine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Sağlık çalışanları pandemi gibi süreçlerde uzun ve stresli vardiyalara maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlık çalışanlarının koronavirüse ilişkin işlevsel olmayan kaygı düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi, aynı zamanda koronavirüs kaygısının bireylerin kişilik tipleri ile başa çıkma stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya rastgele seçilen ve gönüllülük esasına göre çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 213 tıbbi sağlık çalışanı dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılara Sosyodemografik veri formu, Coronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği, A Tipi Davranış Testi ve Başa Çıkma Tarzları ölçeği uygulandı. Rulgular: Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre A tipi kişilik özelliğine sahip katılımcıların koronavirüs anksiyete puanlarının, B tipi kişiliğe göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptandı (p=0,006). A Tipi kişiliğe sahip katılımcılarda çaresiz yaklaşım ve sosyal destek arama puanları anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (sırasıyla p=0,002, p=0,007). B Tipi kişiliğe sahip katılımcılarda kendine güven ve iyimser yaklaşımın daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (sırasıyla p=0,041, p=0,023). Çaresiz yaklaşım sergileyen katılımcıların kaygı puanları daha yüksekti (p=0,033). Coronavirüs kaygısı ile kendine güvenli yaklaşım (p=0,002, r=-0,212) ve iyimser yaklaşım (p=0,002, r=-0,209) arasında negatif, çaresiz yaklaşım (p=0,044, r=0,138) arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, A tipi kişiliğe sahip sağlık çalışanlarının kendine güven ve iyimser yaklaşımı daha az kullandığını, çoğunlukla çaresiz yaklaşım sergilediklerini ve işlevsel olmayan coronavirüs anksiyete düzeylerinin B tipine göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Sağlık çalışanlarının ruh sağlığının izlenmesi ve sağlanması, olası diğer salgınlarda küresel sağlık açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coronavirüs anksiyetesi
• kişilik tipi
• başetme stratejileri

The effects of personality types and coping styles on coronavirus anxiety levels of the healthcare workers

Öz

Purpose: Healthcare workers are exposed to long and stressful work shifts in pandemics. It was aimed to evaluate the coronavirus related anxiety levels of the healthcare workers, and to evaluate the relationship between their personality types and coping strategies. Materials and Methods: Study included 213 medical healthcare workers who were randomly selected and agreed to participate in the study on a voluntary basis. Sociodemographic data form, Coronavirus anxiety scale, Type A Behavior Test, and Coping styles scale were applied to the all participants. Results: The total coronavirus anxiety scores of the participants with type A personality traits were found to be significantly higher than with type B personality traits (p=0.006). The mean scores of helpless approach and seeking social support were found to be significantly higher in participants with Type A personality (p=0.002, p=0.007, respectively). Self-confident and optimistic approach were found to be higher in participants with Type B personality (p=0.041, p=0.023, respectively). Participants with helpless approach had higher anxiety scores (p=0.033). A negative correlation was found between coronavirus anxiety and self-confident approach (p=0.002, r=-0.212) and optimistic approach (p=0.002, r=-0.209), and positive correlation with helpless approach (p=0.044, r=0.138). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that healthcare workers with type A personality use less self-confidence and optimistic approach, use more helpless approach, and have higher levels of dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety according to B type personality. Monitoring and ensuring the mental health of healthcare workers is crucial to global health in other possible pandemics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coronavirus anxiety
• personality types
• coping styles

Kaynakça

1. 1. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 2020;395:470-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
2. 2. Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet 2020;395:37-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
3. 3. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental health and psychososocial problems of medical healht workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom 2020;89:242-250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
4. 4. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
5. 5. Hall H. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' mental health. JAAPA 2020;33:45-48. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000669772.78848.8c
6. 6. Luceño Moreno L, Talavera Velasco B, García Albuerne Y, Martín García J. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:5514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155514
7. 7. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
8. 8. Zhou C, Lei S, Gao L, et al. Determinate factors of mental health status in Chinese medical staff: a cross-sectional study. Medicine 2018;97:e0113. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010113

9. 9. Xiong N, Fritzsche K, Pan Y, Löhlein J, Leonhart R. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on Chinese healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022;57:1515-1529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-022-02264-4
10. 10. Salopek Žiha D, Hlavati M, Gvozdanović Z, et al. Differences in distress and coping with the COVID-19 stressor in nurses and physicians. Psychiatr Danub 2020;32:287-293. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2020.287
11. 11. Rajkumar RP. COVID-19 and mental health: a review of the existing literature. Asian J Psychiatr 2020;52:102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066
12. 12. Folkman S, Lazarus RS, Dunkel Schetter C, DeLongis A, Gruen RJ. Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986;50:992-1003. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.50.5.992
13. 13. Şahin NH, Durak A. Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 1995;10:56-73.
14. 14. Parker JDA, Endler NS. Coping with coping assessment: a critical review. Eur J Pers 1992;6:321-344. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410060502
15. 15. Karabulut V, Evren C. The relationship of suicide attempt story and stress coping style among the patients with opioid substitution therapy. J Clin Psy 2018;21:245-253. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2018.94830
16. 16. Włodarczyk D, Pawliszewska A. Type a behavıour as a predictor of burnout and job satisfaction in intensive care units nurses. Med Pr. 2015;66:213-224. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.00117
17. 17. Hisli Sahin N, Guler M, Basim HN. The relationship between cognitive ve intelligence, emotional intelligence, coping and stress symptoms in the context of type a personality pattern. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2009;20:243-254.
18. 18. Aslan SH, Coşkun S, Alparslan ZN, Erdamar N, Berber B, Ünal M. Bakırköy ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde tükenme, işe bağlı gerginlik, A tipi kişilik ve mükemmelcilik. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2000;25:135-142.
19. 19. Ganster DC, Schaubroeck J, Sime WE, Mayes BT. The nomological validity of the Type A personality among employed adults. J Appl Psychol 1991;76:143-168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.143
20. 20. Durna U. Stres, A ve B tipi kişilik yapısı ve bunlar arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi 2004;11:191-206.
21. 21. Topak OZ, Karan CB, Toktaş SN, Gündoğmuş SZ, Özdel O. Bir grup tıp fakültesi öğrencisinde öğrenim sürecinde tükenmişlik düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması: tıp eğitim süreci tükenmişlik düzeylerini değiştiriyor mu? Klinik Psikiyatri 2015;18:90-96.
22. 22. Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: a brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud 2020;44:393-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
23. 23. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N. Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: a Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Stud 2022;46:1052-1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969
24. 24. GhorbaniAmir H, AhmadiGatabb T, Shayan N. Relationship between type A personality and mental health. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2011;30:2010-2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.390
25. 25. Mercan O, Yazıcı Kabadayı S, Aslan S. Stres ve kişilik tipleri: bir derleme çalışması. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi 2023;12:71-86. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.126569
26. 26. Pérez Cano HJ, Moreno Murguía MB, Morales López O, et al. Anxiety, depression, and stress in response to the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. Cir Cir 2020;88:562-568. https://doi.org/10.24875/CIRU.20000561
27. 27. Poole JC, Dobson KS, Pusch D. Childhood adversity and adult depression: the protective role of psychological resilience. Child Abus Negl 2017;64:89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.012
28. 28. Liang Y, Wu K, Zhou Y, Huang X, Zhou Y, Liu Z. Mental health in frontline medical workers during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease epidemic in China: a comparison with the general population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:6550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186550
29. 29. Fırat N, Kaya F. An examination of social support level and stres coping strategies of students staying at home or in dormitory. Turkish Studies 2015;10:407-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8140
30. 30. Shao R, He P, Ling B, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety and correlations between depression, anxiety, family functioning, social support and coping styles among Chinese medical students. BMC Psychol 2020;8:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00402-8
31. 31. Ding Y, Yang Y, Yang X, et al. The mediating role of coping style in the relationship between psychological capital and burnout among Chinese nurses. PLoS One 2015;10:e0122128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122128
32. 32. Lindert J, von Ehrenstein OS, Priebe S, Mielck A, Brähler E. Depression and anxiety in labor migrants and refugees--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 2009;69:246-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.032
33. 33. Foo SQ, Tam WW, Ho CS, et al. Prevalence of depression among migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15:1986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091986
34. 34. Aikawa M, Kleyman K. Immigration, coping, and well-being: implications for communities' roles in promoting the well-being of immigrants and refugees. J Prev Interv Community 2021;49:81-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2019.1633066
35. 35. Salopek Žiha D, Hlavati M, Gvozdanović Z, et al. Differences in distress and coping with the COVID-19 stressor in nurses and physicians. Psychiatr Danub 2020;32:287-293. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2020.287
36. 36. Jakovljevic M, Bjedov S, Jaksic N, Jakovljevic I. COVID-19 pandemia and public and global mental health from the perspective of global health securit. Psychiatr Danub 2020;32:6-14. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2020.6