Yaşlılarda tükürük akış hızı, ağız sağlığı ve malnütrisyon arasındaki ilişki; kesitsel bir çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; yaşlılarda tükürük akış hızı, ağız sağlığı ve beslenme durumu arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya, özel diş hekimi kliniğine başvuran 63 (20 erkek, 43 kadın, yaş: 70,83±6,42 yıl) yaşlı dahil edildi. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmış olup katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, çalışma durumuna ilişkin bilgileri ve yaşam tarzı alışkanlıkları ankete kaydedildi. Beslenme durumu saptanması için 3 günlük besin tüketim kaydı alındı, Mini Nütrisyonel Değerlendirme Testi (MNA) uygulandı; antropometrik ölçümler yapıldı. Ağız sağlığını değerlendirmek için çürük dişler indeksi (DMFT) ve ağız sağlığı etki ölçeği (OHİP-14); tükürük akış hızını saptamak için uyarımsız tükürük akış hızı hesaplaması kullanıldı. Bulgular: MNA’ya göre yaşlıların %23,8’inin malnutrisyonlu veya malnütrisyon riski altında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaşlıların tükürük akış hızı ortalamaları 0,40±0,31 mL/dk olarak bulunmuş olup %15,9’unun düşük tükürük akış hızına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Normal vücut ağırlığına sahip yaşlıların tükürük akış hız ortalaması obezlerden daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Tükürük akış hızı ile beden kütle indeksi (r=-0,291, p=0,021), baldır çevresi (r=-0,260, p=0,014), üst orta kol çevresi (r=-0,254, p=0,044) ve vücut yağ oranı (r=-0,308, p=0,014) arasında negatif yönlü, diyetle enerji (r=0,345, p=0,006), karbonhidrat (r=0,251, p=0,047), protein (r=0,326, p=0,009), yağ (r=0,354, p=0,006) ve fosfor (r=0,287, p=0,023) alımı arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki mevcuttur. Sonuç: Tükürük akış hızı, DMFT indeksi ve OHİP-14 skorları ile malnütrisyon arasında doğrudan bir ilişki olduğuna dair anlamlı bir kanıt bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, düşük SFR ile obezite arasında bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, SFR ile beslenme durumu arasında daha fazla araştırma gerektiren potansiyel bir bağlantı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Yaşlılarda tükürük akış hızı ve malnütrisyon arasındaki ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılması için çok merkezli klinik çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlı
• tükürük akış hızı
• ağız sağlığı
• malnütrisyon

The relationship between salivary flow rate, oral health and malnutrition in elderly; a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association between salivary flow rate (SFR), oral health and nutritional status in the elderly. Materials and methods: The study included 63 elderly people (20 men, 43 women, age: 70.83±6.42 years) who applied to a private dental clinic. Data were collected by face-to-face interview, and participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, employment status information and lifestyle habits were recorded in the questionnaire. To determine nutritional status, 3-day food consumption records were taken, the Mini Nutritional Assessment Test (MNA) was performed and anthropometric parameters were measured. To assess oral health, the decayed teeth (DMFT) index and oral health impact scale (OHIP-14) were used, and unstimulated SFR was measured. Results: According to MNA, 23.8% of the elderly were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The mean SFR of the elderly was 0.40±0.31 mL/min and 15.9% of them had low SFR. The mean SFR of the elderly with normal body weight was higher than that of the obese (p<0.05). There was a negative correlation between SFR and Body Mass Indexs (r=-0.291, p=0.021), calf circumference (r=-0.260, p=0.014), Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (r=-0.254, p=0.044) and body fat percentage (r=-0.308, p=0.014), and a negative correlation between energy (r=0.345, p=0.006), carbohydrate (r=0.251, p=0.047), protein (r=0.326, p=0.009), fat (r=0.354, p=0.006) and phosphorus (r=0.287, p=0.023) intake. Conclusion: No significant evidence was found regarding to a direct association between SFR, DMFT index, and OHIP-14 scores with malnutrition. However, an assaciation was found between low SFR and obesity. This suggests that there might be a potential link between SFR and nutritional status, which requires further investigation. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between SFR and malnutrition in the elderly, it is recommended to conduct multicenter clinical trials.

Keywords

• Elderly
• salivary flow rate
• oral health
• malnutrition

Kaynakça

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