Evaluation of GPT-4o and GPT o1 pro in answering Turkish Neurosurgical Society proficiency board exam questions: A comparative study
Öz
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate and compare the answering capabilities and accuracy of GPT-4o and GPT o1 pro for a set of 98 questions, including image-based questions, from the 2024 neurosurgery board certification examination.
Materials and methods: Answers to 98 questions, including image-based questions, were generated using GPT-4o and GPT o1 pro. We evaluated their performance through both one-shot and multiple-attempt methods, calculating accuracy and consistency rates. Comparisons were made between text-based and image-based questions to assess multimodal reasoning.
Results: GPT o1 pro achieved a one-shot accuracy of 92.9%, while GPT-4o reached 71.4% (p<0.001). Over three attempts, GPT o1 pro maintained 91.8% accuracy compared to GPT-4o’s 72.4% (p<0.001). GPT o1 pro also showed higher consistency (91.8% vs 78.6%, p=0.009). For text-only questions, GPT o1 pro reached 96.3% one-shot accuracy, compared to GPT-4o’s 72.8%. For image-based questions, GPT o1 pro scored 76.5%, and GPT-4o scored 64.7%, though this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.68). These results suggest that GPT o1 pro outperforms GPT-4o, especially for text-based items, but both models need further improvement for image-based tasks.
Conclusion: Both GPT o1 pro and GPT-4o successfully passed the 2024 Turkish Neurosurgical Society Board Certification Examination. GPT o1 pro showed notably higher accuracy and consistency than GPT-4o, suggesting a promising role for chain-of-thought reasoning in medical education.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Teşekkür
Kaynakça
- Noda M, Ueno T, Koshu R, et al. Performance of GPT-4V in Answering the Japanese Otolaryngology Board Certification Examination Questions: Evaluation Study. JMIR Med Educ. 2024;10:e57054. doi:10.2196/57054
- Brin D, Sorin V, Vaid A, et al. Comparing ChatGPT and GPT-4 performance in USMLE soft skill assessments. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):16492. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43436-9
- Haddad F, Saade JS. Performance of ChatGPT on Ophthalmology-Related Questions Across Various Examination Levels: Observational Study. JMIR Med Educ. 2024;10:e50842. doi:10.2196/50842
- OpenAI. GPT-4 Technical Report. OpenAI. Available at: https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4.pdf. Accessed September 26, 2025
- Google. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models. arXiv. Available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11805. Accessed September 26, 2025
- Hayden N, Gilbert S, Poisson LM, Griffith B, Klochko C. Performance of GPT-4 with Vision on Text- and Image-based ACR Diagnostic Radiology In-Training Examination Questions. Radiology. 2024;312(3):e240153. doi:10.1148/radiol.240153
- Hayden N, Gilbert S, Poisson LM, Griffith B, Klochko C. Performance of GPT-4 with Vision on Text- and Image-based ACR Diagnostic Radiology In-Training Examination Questions. Radiology. 2024;312(3):e240153. doi:10.1148/radiol.240153
- OpenAI. GPT-4o system card. OpenAI. Available at: https://cdn.openai.com/gpt-4o-system-card.pdf. Accessed December 16, 2024
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi (Nöroşirurji)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
10 Temmuz 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
5 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi
9 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3
