The relationship between the clinical features of children with cerebral palsy and the moods of their parents

Öz

Purpose:  The aim of this study was to compare the depression and anxiety levels between mothers and fathers of children with ceebral palsy (CP) and to explore the association between the clinical features of children with CP and the moods of their parents.

Materials and methods: A total of 95 children with CP and their parents were included in this cross sectional study. The type of CP was identified and their functional levels were assessed with the Gross Motor Functional Classification System and the Bimanual Fine Motor Function. The depression and anxiety levels of parents was evaluated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results: The mothers of children with CP had significantly higher anxiety levels compared to the fathers of children with CP whereas there were no statistically significant difference between depression levels of mothers and fathers. Mother’s anxiety and depression levels showed positive correlation with functional status of children with CP and father’s depression level, furthermore a positive correlation between mother’s anxiety level and father’s anxiety was demonstrated. Moreover, father’s depression and anxiety level exhibited a poor positive correlation with functional status of children with CP.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that mothers of children with CP had significantly higher anxious mood compared to the fathers of them and identifying which factors are associated with moods of each parents of children with CP, may provide benefit in order to determine the active support for family.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• cerebral palsy,depression,anxiety

Serebral palsili çocukların klinik özellikleri ile ebeveynlerinin duygudurumları arasındaki ilişki

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, serebral palsili (SP) çocukların anneleri ve babaları arasındaki depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerini karşılaştırmak ve SP'li çocukların klinik özellikleri ile ebeveynlerinin duygudurumları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktı.

Gereç ve yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya, toplamda 95 SP'li çocuk ve onların ebeveynleri dahil edildi. SP’nin tipi tanımlandı ve SP’lilerin fonksiyonel seviyeleri Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Sınıflama Sistemi ve Bimanual Fine Motor Fonksiyon ile değerlendirildi. Ebeveynlerin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri ise Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: SP'li çocukların anneleri ve babalarının depresyon düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, SP'li çocukların annelerinin anksiyete düzeyleri babalarına göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Annelerin anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin SP'li çocukların fonksiyonel durumu ve babaların depresyon düzeyi ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği, ayrıca annelerin anksiyete düzeyi ile babaların anksiyete düzeyleri arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu gösterilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, babaların depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyi, SP'li çocukların fonksiyonel durumları ile zayıf pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir.

Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz bulgular, SP'li çocukların annelerinin babalarına göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla anksiyeteye sahip olduğunu gösterir ve SP'li çocukların ebeveynlerinin duygudurumları ile hangi faktörlerin ilişkili olduğunu tanımlamak, aile için aktif desteği belirlemede fayda sağlayabilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Serebral palsi,depresyon,anksiyete

Kaynakça

1. 1. Robertson CM, Ricci MF, O’Grady K, et al. Prevalence estimate of cerebral palsy in northern Alberta: births, 2008-2010. Can J Neurol Sci 2017;44:366–374.
2. 2. Beckung E, Hagberg G. Neuroimpairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002;44:309–316.
3. 3. Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007;109:8–14.
4. 4. Rentinck ICM, Ketelaar M, Jongmans MJ, Gorter JW. Parents of children with cerebral palsy: a review of factors related to the process of adaptation. Child: Care Health and Development 2006;33:161–167.
5. 5. Guyard A, Fauconnier J, Mermet MA, Cans C. Impact sur les parents de la paralysie ce´re´brale chez l’enfant: revue de la litte´rature. Archives de Pe´diatrie 2010;18:204–214.
6. 6. Martinac DT. Differences between mothers and fathers of children with cerebral palsy in risk factors, resistance factors and adjustment. Hrvatska Revija za Rehabilitacijska Istrazivanja 2008;44:63-68.
7. 7. Mehmedinović S, Sinanović O, Ahmetović S. Depression in parents of children with cerebral palsy in Bosnia and Herzegovina Acta Medica Iranica 2012;50:819-821.
8. 8. Balki S, Canbay Ö. Serebral Palsili Çocukların Anne-Babalarında Depresyon Seviyesini Belirleyen Değişkenler. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg 2012;3:242-249.

9. 9. Byrne MB, Hurley DA, Daly L Cunningham CG. Health status of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Child: Care. Health And Development 2010;36:696-702.
10. 10. Pimm PL. Some of the implications of caring for a child or adult with cerebral palsy. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 1996;59:335-341.
11. 11. Palisano RJ, Hanna SE, Rosenbaum PL, et al. Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther 2000;80:974-985.
12. 12. Elvrum AKG, Beckung E, Sæther R, Lydersen S, Vik T, Himmelmann K. Bimanual capacity of children with cerebral palsy: Intra- and inter-rater reliability of a revised edition of the Bimanual Fine Motor Function classification. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2017;37:239-251.
13. 13. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361-370.
14. 14. Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane anksiyete depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1997;8:280-287.
15. 15. Pelchat D, Levert MJ, Bourgeois-Gue´rin V. How do mothers and fathers who have a child with a disability describe their adaptation/ transformation process? Journal of Child Health Care: For Professionals Working With Children In The Hospital And Community 2009;13:239-259.
16. 16. Winter L, Colditz PB, Sanders MR, et al. Depression, posttraumatic stress and relationship distress in parents of very preterm infants. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018;21:445-451.
17. 17. Guillamón N, Nieto R, Pousada M, et al. Quality of life and mental health among parents of children with cerebral palsy: the influence of self-efficacy and coping strategies. J Clin Nurs 2013;22:1579-1590.
18. 18. Yilmaz H, Erkin G, Nalbant L. Depression and anxiety levels in mothers of children with cerebral palsy: a controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013;49:823-827.
19. 19. Eker L,Tüzün EH. An evaluation of quality of life of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation 2004;26:1354-1359.
20. 20. Dilek B, Batmaz İ, Karakoç M, ve ark. Serebral palsili çocukların annelerinde depresyon ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Marmara Medical Journal 2013;26:94-98.
21. 21. Barfoot J, Meredith P, Ziviani J, Whittingham K. Parent‐child interactions and children with cerebral palsy: An exploratory study investigating emotional availability, functional ability, and parent distress. Child Care Health Dev 2017;43:812-822.