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Cushing hastalığında endonazal endoskopik yaklaşım sonrası remisyon ve nükse etki eden faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 446 - 453, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1244037

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Cushing Hastalığı (CH) için endoskopik endonazal yaklaşımın (EEY) klinik sonuçları, remisyon ve nüks tanımları ve değerlendirmelerine dayalı olarak tek merkezli bir seride araştırıldı.
Gereç ve yöntem: Ankara Üniversitesi İbni Sina Hastanesi Nöroşirürji Anabilim Dalı'nda 2014-2021 yılları arasında EEY uygulanan 825 hasta arasında CH’lığı tanısı alan 64 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Postoperatif ertesi sabah kortizol ve adrenokortikotropik hormon (ACTH) değerleri postoperatif endokrinolojik remisyonu değerlendirmek için kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Yirmi iki hastada makroadenom ve 40 hastada mikroadenom saptandı. 2 hastada sellar bölgede lezyon saptanmadı, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (-) CH tanısı kondu. Kırk hasta kadın, 12 hasta erkekti. Remisyondan bağımsız olarak ameliyat sonrası glukokortikoid kullanım süresinin nüks üzerine etkisi incelendi. Hipofiz cerrahisi sonrası 46 hastaya (%71) glukokortikoid tedavisi verildi. Tedavi süresi 1 yıldan uzun olan 20 hastada nüks gözlenmedi. 12 hastada glukokortikoid tedavi süresi 6 ay ile 1 yıl arasında değişmekteydi ve 4 hastada nüks görüldü. 6 aydan uzun glukokortikoid tedavi süresinin nüksün olmayacağını saptadığı öngörüldü (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Hipokortizoleminin sürdürülebilirliği CH tedavisinde önemlidir. Ameliyattan sonra 6 aydan fazla glukokortikoid tedavi süresi, nüksün olmayacağını öngörmede yardımcıdır. CH tedavisinin temel dayanağı uygun postoperatif takip ve gerekli medikal ve cerrahi girişimlerin uygulanmasıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Newell Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK. Cushing’s syndrome. Lancet 2006;367:1605-1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68699-6
  • 2. Clayton RN, Raskauskiene D, Reulen RC, Jones PW. Mortality and morbidity in Cushing’s disease over 50 years in Stoke-on-Trent, UK: audit and meta-analysis of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:632- 642. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1942
  • 3. Netea Maier RT, van Lindert EJ, den Heijer M, et al. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery via the endoscopic technique: results in 35 consecutive patients with Cushing’s disease. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:675- 684. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02133
  • 4. Castinetti F, Brue T, Ragnarsson O. Radiotherapy as a tool for the treatment of Cushing’s disease. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2019;180:9-18. https://doi.org/10.1530/ EJE-19-0092
  • 5. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Engl J Med 1991;325:897-905. https://doi. org/10.1056/NEJM199109263251301
  • 6. Newell Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK. Cushing’s syndrome. Lancet 2006;367:1605-1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68699-6
  • 7. Bonelli FS, Huston III J, Carpenter PC, Erickson D, Young Jr WF, Meyer FB. Adrenocorticotropic hormone– dependent Cushing’s syndrome: sensitivity and specificity of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:690-696.
  • 8. Tritos NA, Biller BMK. Current management of Cushing’s disease. J Intern Med 2019;286:526-541. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12975
  • 9. Di Ieva AD, Davidson JM, Syro LV, et al. Crooke’s cell tumors of the pituitary. Neurosurgery 2015;76:616-622. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000657
  • 10. Çiftçi Doğanşen S, Bilgiç B, Yenidünya Yalin G, Tanrikulu S, Yarman S. Clinical significance of granulation pattern in corticotroph pituitary adenomas. Turk Patoloji Derg 2019;35:9-14. https://doi.org/10.5146/ tjpath.2018.01434
  • 11. Kovács GL, Góth M, Rotondo F, et al. ACTH-secreting Crooke cell carcinoma of the pituitary. Eur J Clin Investig 2013;43:20-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12010
  • 12. Kawashima ST, Usui T, Sano T, et al. P53 gene mutation in an atypical corticotroph adenoma with Cushing’s disease. Clin Endocrinol 2009;70:656-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03404.x
  • 13. Guaraldi F, Zoli M, Asioli S, et al. Results and predictors of outcome of endoscopic endonasal surgery in Cushing’s disease: 20-year experience of an Italian referral pituitary center. J Endocrinol Invest 2020;43:1463-1471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618- 020-01225-5
  • 14. Chandler WF, Barkan AL, Hollon T, et al. The outcome of transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: a single-center experience over 32 years. Neurosurgery 2016;78:216-223. https://doi.org/10.1227/ NEU.0000000000001011
  • 15. Kaptain GJ, Vincent DA, Sheehan JP, Laws ER. Transsphenoidal approaches for the extracapsular resection of midline suprasellar and anterior cranial base lesions. Neurosurgery. 2008;62:1264-1271. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000333791.29091.83
  • 16. Sarkar S, Rajaratnam S, Chacko G, Mani S, Hesargatta AS, Chacko AG. Pure endonasal endoscopic approach/ surgery for functional pituitary adenomas: outcomes with Cushing’s disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016;158:77-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015- 2638-7
  • 17. Starke RM, Reames DL, Chen C, Laws ER, Jane JAJr. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: techniques, outcomes, and predictors of remission. Neurosurgery 2013;72:240-247. https://doi. org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e31827b966a
  • 18. Saeger W, Honegger J, Theodoropoulou M, et al. Clinical impact of the current WHO classification of pituitary adenomas. Endocr Pathol 2016;27:104-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-016-9418-7
  • 19. Liu X, Feng M, Zhang Y, et al. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, pituitary tumor Transforming Gene, High Mobility Group A 2, and Ki-67 in adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors and their association with tumor recurrence. World Neurosurg 2018;113:213-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. wneu.2018.01.214
  • 20. Kara M, Güdük M, Samanci Y, Yilmaz M, Şengöz M, Peker S. Gamma knife radiosurgery in patients with Cushing’s disease: comparison of aggressive pituitary corticotroph tumor versus corticotroph adenoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020;197:106151. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106151
  • 21. Keskin FE, Ozkaya HM, Bolayirli M, et al. Outcomes of primary transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing disease: experience of a tertiary center. World Neurosurg 2017;106:374-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. wneu.2017.07.014
  • 22. Bochicchio DO, Losa M, Buchfelder MI. Factors influencing the immediate and late outcome of Cushing’s disease treated by transsphenoidal surgery: a retrospective study by the European Cushing’s Disease Survey Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:3114-3120. https://doi.org/10.1210/ jcem.80.11.7593411
  • 23. Bansal P, Lila A, Goroshi M, et al. Duration of postoperative hypocortisolism predicts sustained remission after pituitary surgery for Cushing’s disease. Endocr Connect 2017;6:625-636. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC- 17-0175
  • 24. Balomenaki M, Vassiliadi DA, Tsagarakis S. Cushing’s disease: risk of recurrence following trans-sphenoidal surgery, timing and methods for evaluation. Pituitary. 2022 Oct;25(5):718-721. doi: 10.1007/s11102-022- 01226-y
  • 25. Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas GA, Isidori AM, et al. Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing’s disease: predictive factors in a single-centre study. Eur J Endocrinol 2013;168:639-648. https://doi.org/10.1530/ EJE-12-0921
  • 26. Dimopoulou C, Schopohl J, Rachinger W, et al. Longterm remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing’s disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region. Eur J Endocrinol 2014;170:283-292. https://doi.org/10.1530/ EJE-13-0634
  • 27. Mayberg M, Reintjes S, Patel A, et al. Dynamics of postoperative serum cortisol after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing’s disease: implications for immediate reoperation and remission. J Neurosurg 2018;129:1268-1277. https://doi. org/10.3171/2017.6.JNS17635
  • 28. Ramm Pettersen J, Halvorsen H, Evang JA, et al. Low immediate postoperative serum-cortisol nadir predicts the short-term, but not long-term, remission after pituitary surgery for Cushing’s disease. BMC Endocr Disord 2015;15:62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902- 015-0055-9

Evaluation of factors that affect remission and recurrence after endonasal endoscopic approach in Cushing disease

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 446 - 453, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1244037

Öz

Abstract
Aim of the Study: Clinical consequences of endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for Cushing Diseases (CD) were investigated in a single-center series based on definitions and assessments of recurrence and remission.
Materials and Methods: 825 patients evaluated, including 64 patients with CD, who underwent EEA at the Ankara University Neurosurgery Department and evaluated retrospectively between the years 2014 and 2021. Postoperative next-morning cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) values were used to assess postoperative endocrinological remission.
Results: Twenty-two patients had macroadenoma, and 40 had microadenoma. In 2 patients, no lesions were detected in the sellar region, a diagnosis of magnetic resonance imaging (−) CD was made. Clinical and biochemical follow-ups in Cushing's disease are very important due to risk of recurrence. Regardless of remission, the effect of duration of glucocorticoid use after surgery on recurrence was examined. Glucocorticoid therapy was given in 46 patients (71%) after pituitary surgery. No recurrence was observed in 20 patients whose treatment duration was longer than 1 year. In 12 patients, the glucocorticoid therapy duration was ranged from 6 months to 12 months, and 4 patients showed recurrence. The glucocorticoid therapy duration of >6 months predicted that recurrence would not occur (p <0.05)
Conclusion and Clinical Implications: Sustainability of hypocortisolemia is important in the treatment of CD. Glucocorticoid therapy duration >6 months after surgery predicts that recurrence will not occur. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy after surgery suggests surgical success. The mainstay of CD treatment is appropriate postoperative follow-up and administration of the necessary medical and surgical interventions.
Keywords: ACTH, Cortisol, Cushing disease, Endonasal endoscopic approach, Recurrence, Remission

ÖZET
Çalışmanın Amacı: Bu çalışmada, Cushing Hastalığı (CH) için endoskopik endonazal yaklaşımın (EEY) klinik sonuçları, remisyon ve nüks tanımları ve değerlendirmelerine dayalı olarak tek merkezli bir seride araştırıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ankara Üniversitesi İbni Sina Hastanesi Nöroşirürji Anabilim Dalı'nda 2014-2021 yılları arasında EEY uygulanan 825 hasta arasında CH’ lığı tanısı alan 64 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Postoperatif ertesi sabah kortizol ve adrenokortikotropik hormon (ACTH) değerleri postoperatif endokrinolojik remisyonu değerlendirmek için kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Yirmi iki hastada makroadenom ve 40 hastada mikroadenom saptandı. 2 hastada sellar bölgede lezyon saptanmadı, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (-) CH tanısı kondu. Kırk hasta kadın, 12 hasta erkekti. CH'de yüksek nüks insidansı nedeniyle, yıllık klinik ve biyokimyasal takipler çok önemlidir. Remisyondan bağımsız olarak ameliyat sonrası glukokortikoid kullanım süresinin nüks üzerine etkisi incelendi. Hipofiz cerrahisi sonrası 46 hastaya (%71) glukokortikoid tedavisi verildi. Tedavi süresi 1 yıldan uzun olan 20 hastada nüks gözlenmedi. 12 hastada glukokortikoid tedavi süresi 6 ay ile 1 yıl arasında değişmekteydi ve 4 hastada nüks görüldü. 6 aydan uzun glukokortikoid tedavi süresinin nüksün olmayacağını saptadığı öngörüldü (p <0.05).
Sonuç ve Klinik Etkiler: Hipokortizoleminin sürdürülebilirliği CH tedavisinde önemlidir. Ameliyattan sonra 6 aydan fazla glukokortikoid tedavi süresi, nüksün olmayacağını öngörmede yardımcıdır. CH tedavisinin temel dayanağı uygun postoperatif takip ve gerekli medikal ve cerrahi girişimlerin uygulanmasıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: ACTH, Kortizol, Cushing Hastalığı, Endoskopik endonazal yaklaşım, Rekürrens, Remisyon

Kaynakça

  • 1. Newell Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK. Cushing’s syndrome. Lancet 2006;367:1605-1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68699-6
  • 2. Clayton RN, Raskauskiene D, Reulen RC, Jones PW. Mortality and morbidity in Cushing’s disease over 50 years in Stoke-on-Trent, UK: audit and meta-analysis of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:632- 642. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1942
  • 3. Netea Maier RT, van Lindert EJ, den Heijer M, et al. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery via the endoscopic technique: results in 35 consecutive patients with Cushing’s disease. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:675- 684. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02133
  • 4. Castinetti F, Brue T, Ragnarsson O. Radiotherapy as a tool for the treatment of Cushing’s disease. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2019;180:9-18. https://doi.org/10.1530/ EJE-19-0092
  • 5. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Engl J Med 1991;325:897-905. https://doi. org/10.1056/NEJM199109263251301
  • 6. Newell Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK. Cushing’s syndrome. Lancet 2006;367:1605-1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68699-6
  • 7. Bonelli FS, Huston III J, Carpenter PC, Erickson D, Young Jr WF, Meyer FB. Adrenocorticotropic hormone– dependent Cushing’s syndrome: sensitivity and specificity of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:690-696.
  • 8. Tritos NA, Biller BMK. Current management of Cushing’s disease. J Intern Med 2019;286:526-541. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12975
  • 9. Di Ieva AD, Davidson JM, Syro LV, et al. Crooke’s cell tumors of the pituitary. Neurosurgery 2015;76:616-622. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000657
  • 10. Çiftçi Doğanşen S, Bilgiç B, Yenidünya Yalin G, Tanrikulu S, Yarman S. Clinical significance of granulation pattern in corticotroph pituitary adenomas. Turk Patoloji Derg 2019;35:9-14. https://doi.org/10.5146/ tjpath.2018.01434
  • 11. Kovács GL, Góth M, Rotondo F, et al. ACTH-secreting Crooke cell carcinoma of the pituitary. Eur J Clin Investig 2013;43:20-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12010
  • 12. Kawashima ST, Usui T, Sano T, et al. P53 gene mutation in an atypical corticotroph adenoma with Cushing’s disease. Clin Endocrinol 2009;70:656-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03404.x
  • 13. Guaraldi F, Zoli M, Asioli S, et al. Results and predictors of outcome of endoscopic endonasal surgery in Cushing’s disease: 20-year experience of an Italian referral pituitary center. J Endocrinol Invest 2020;43:1463-1471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618- 020-01225-5
  • 14. Chandler WF, Barkan AL, Hollon T, et al. The outcome of transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: a single-center experience over 32 years. Neurosurgery 2016;78:216-223. https://doi.org/10.1227/ NEU.0000000000001011
  • 15. Kaptain GJ, Vincent DA, Sheehan JP, Laws ER. Transsphenoidal approaches for the extracapsular resection of midline suprasellar and anterior cranial base lesions. Neurosurgery. 2008;62:1264-1271. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000333791.29091.83
  • 16. Sarkar S, Rajaratnam S, Chacko G, Mani S, Hesargatta AS, Chacko AG. Pure endonasal endoscopic approach/ surgery for functional pituitary adenomas: outcomes with Cushing’s disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016;158:77-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015- 2638-7
  • 17. Starke RM, Reames DL, Chen C, Laws ER, Jane JAJr. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: techniques, outcomes, and predictors of remission. Neurosurgery 2013;72:240-247. https://doi. org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e31827b966a
  • 18. Saeger W, Honegger J, Theodoropoulou M, et al. Clinical impact of the current WHO classification of pituitary adenomas. Endocr Pathol 2016;27:104-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-016-9418-7
  • 19. Liu X, Feng M, Zhang Y, et al. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, pituitary tumor Transforming Gene, High Mobility Group A 2, and Ki-67 in adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors and their association with tumor recurrence. World Neurosurg 2018;113:213-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. wneu.2018.01.214
  • 20. Kara M, Güdük M, Samanci Y, Yilmaz M, Şengöz M, Peker S. Gamma knife radiosurgery in patients with Cushing’s disease: comparison of aggressive pituitary corticotroph tumor versus corticotroph adenoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020;197:106151. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106151
  • 21. Keskin FE, Ozkaya HM, Bolayirli M, et al. Outcomes of primary transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing disease: experience of a tertiary center. World Neurosurg 2017;106:374-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. wneu.2017.07.014
  • 22. Bochicchio DO, Losa M, Buchfelder MI. Factors influencing the immediate and late outcome of Cushing’s disease treated by transsphenoidal surgery: a retrospective study by the European Cushing’s Disease Survey Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:3114-3120. https://doi.org/10.1210/ jcem.80.11.7593411
  • 23. Bansal P, Lila A, Goroshi M, et al. Duration of postoperative hypocortisolism predicts sustained remission after pituitary surgery for Cushing’s disease. Endocr Connect 2017;6:625-636. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC- 17-0175
  • 24. Balomenaki M, Vassiliadi DA, Tsagarakis S. Cushing’s disease: risk of recurrence following trans-sphenoidal surgery, timing and methods for evaluation. Pituitary. 2022 Oct;25(5):718-721. doi: 10.1007/s11102-022- 01226-y
  • 25. Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas GA, Isidori AM, et al. Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing’s disease: predictive factors in a single-centre study. Eur J Endocrinol 2013;168:639-648. https://doi.org/10.1530/ EJE-12-0921
  • 26. Dimopoulou C, Schopohl J, Rachinger W, et al. Longterm remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing’s disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region. Eur J Endocrinol 2014;170:283-292. https://doi.org/10.1530/ EJE-13-0634
  • 27. Mayberg M, Reintjes S, Patel A, et al. Dynamics of postoperative serum cortisol after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing’s disease: implications for immediate reoperation and remission. J Neurosurg 2018;129:1268-1277. https://doi. org/10.3171/2017.6.JNS17635
  • 28. Ramm Pettersen J, Halvorsen H, Evang JA, et al. Low immediate postoperative serum-cortisol nadir predicts the short-term, but not long-term, remission after pituitary surgery for Cushing’s disease. BMC Endocr Disord 2015;15:62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902- 015-0055-9
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Cemil Kılınç 0000-0003-4058-6504

Gökmen Kahiloğulları 0000-0001-8137-0510

Baran Can Alpergin 0000-0002-3575-0480

Savaş Haşimoğlu 0000-0003-0170-5873

Adile Begüm Bahçecioğlu 0000-0003-0777-8934

Süha Beton 0000-0001-8195-4380

Cem Meço 0000-0001-8372-8045

Mustafa Ağahan Ünlü 0000-0002-2039-8592

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 14 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ocak 2023
Kabul Tarihi 14 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılınç, M. C., Kahiloğulları, G., Alpergin, B. C., Haşimoğlu, S., vd. (2023). Evaluation of factors that affect remission and recurrence after endonasal endoscopic approach in Cushing disease. Pamukkale Medical Journal, 16(3), 446-453. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1244037
AMA Kılınç MC, Kahiloğulları G, Alpergin BC, Haşimoğlu S, Bahçecioğlu AB, Beton S, Meço C, Ünlü MA. Evaluation of factors that affect remission and recurrence after endonasal endoscopic approach in Cushing disease. Pam Tıp Derg. Temmuz 2023;16(3):446-453. doi:10.31362/patd.1244037
Chicago Kılınç, Mustafa Cemil, Gökmen Kahiloğulları, Baran Can Alpergin, Savaş Haşimoğlu, Adile Begüm Bahçecioğlu, Süha Beton, Cem Meço, ve Mustafa Ağahan Ünlü. “Evaluation of Factors That Affect Remission and Recurrence After Endonasal Endoscopic Approach in Cushing Disease”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 16, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2023): 446-53. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1244037.
EndNote Kılınç MC, Kahiloğulları G, Alpergin BC, Haşimoğlu S, Bahçecioğlu AB, Beton S, Meço C, Ünlü MA (01 Temmuz 2023) Evaluation of factors that affect remission and recurrence after endonasal endoscopic approach in Cushing disease. Pamukkale Medical Journal 16 3 446–453.
IEEE M. C. Kılınç, “Evaluation of factors that affect remission and recurrence after endonasal endoscopic approach in Cushing disease”, Pam Tıp Derg, c. 16, sy. 3, ss. 446–453, 2023, doi: 10.31362/patd.1244037.
ISNAD Kılınç, Mustafa Cemil vd. “Evaluation of Factors That Affect Remission and Recurrence After Endonasal Endoscopic Approach in Cushing Disease”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 16/3 (Temmuz 2023), 446-453. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1244037.
JAMA Kılınç MC, Kahiloğulları G, Alpergin BC, Haşimoğlu S, Bahçecioğlu AB, Beton S, Meço C, Ünlü MA. Evaluation of factors that affect remission and recurrence after endonasal endoscopic approach in Cushing disease. Pam Tıp Derg. 2023;16:446–453.
MLA Kılınç, Mustafa Cemil vd. “Evaluation of Factors That Affect Remission and Recurrence After Endonasal Endoscopic Approach in Cushing Disease”. Pamukkale Medical Journal, c. 16, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 446-53, doi:10.31362/patd.1244037.
Vancouver Kılınç MC, Kahiloğulları G, Alpergin BC, Haşimoğlu S, Bahçecioğlu AB, Beton S, Meço C, Ünlü MA. Evaluation of factors that affect remission and recurrence after endonasal endoscopic approach in Cushing disease. Pam Tıp Derg. 2023;16(3):446-53.
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