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Parietinin SH-SY5Y nöroblastom hücrelerinde apoptoz ve hücre döngüsü ile ilgili genler üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 243 - 253, 01.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1392275

Öz

Amaç: Doğal ürünlerden elde edilen bileşenler yıllardır kanser tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Kemoterapötik ajanlara göre çeşitliliğinin fazla olması ve toksik olmaması tercih edilmelerinin başlıca nedenleridir. Kanser tedavisi potansiyeli olan likenler mantar ve 1-2 tür algden oluşmaktadır. Liken maddeleri adı altında birçoğu spesifik maddeler olarak da sentezlenmiştir. Likenlerdeki sekonder metabolitler genellikle suda çözünmez ve antiviral, antitümör, antibakteriyel ve antioksidan gibi birçok biyolojik aktiviteye sahiptir; mantar hücresinde veya hifanın yüzeyinde depolanırlar ve yalnızca organik çözücülerle ekstrakte edilebilirler. Xanthoria parietina gibi liken türlerinden ekstrakte edilen parietin, bir antrakinon pigmenti ve ikincil bir metabolittir. Çalışmamızda parietin ile tedavi edilen nöroblastoma hücrelerinde parietin'in sitotoksisite, gen ekspresyonu, migrasyon, invazyon ve koloni oluşumu üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Parietin tedavisi uygulanmayan SH-SY5Y nöroblastom (NB) kontrol grubu olarak uygulanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Parietin'in IC50 değeri XTT testi kullanılarak belirlendi. Total RNA ekstraksiyonları, Tri-Reaktif kiti kullanılarak hücrelerden gerçekleştirilmiştir. BCL-XL, BCL-2, MMP2, MMP9, P21, CYCLIN D1, CA3, CASAPASE-9, BAX, P53, PUMA ve NOXA genlerinin ekspresyonları Lightcycler 480 (Roche) ile SYBR Green boyası kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Kontrol ve doz grubu hücrelerinin invazyon, yara iyileşmesi testi protokolüne uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnvazyon, “İnvazyon odacıkları” (BD Biosciences) protokolü kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Koloni testi için hücreler kristal viyole ile muamele edilmiş ve ışık mikroskobu altında gözlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Hücrelerde 48 saatlik tedavide kullanılan parietin'in IC50 değeri 35 μM olarak belirlenmiştir. BCL-XL, BCL-2, MMP2, MMP9, P21 ve CYCLIN D1 mRNA'nın ekspresyon seviyelerinin downregüle edildiği; CASPASE3, CASPASE9, BAX, P53, PUMA ve NOXA’nın upregüle edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Parietin'in nöroblastoma hücrelerinde hem hücre invazyonu ve migrasyonu hem de koloni oluşumunu baskıladığı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Böylece parietin'in nöroblastom tedavisinde diğer ilaçlarla birlikte alternatif, tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici bir ajan olarak kullanılması mümkün olabilir. Ancak parietin'in bu önemli etkilerini destekleyen daha kapsamlı çalışmalar uygulamadaki potansiyelini artıracaktır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Yiallouros M. Nöroblastom (Kısa Bilgiler). (Neuroblastom). 2013. Avaliable at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1591/poh.neurobl.pa¬t¬in¬fo.kurz.1.20120611. Accessed May, 2023.
  • 2. Hoehner JC, Gestblom C, Hedborg F, Sandstedt B, Olsen L, Pahlman S. A developmental model of neuroblastoma: differentiating stroma-poor tumors' progress along an extra-adrenal chromaffin lineage. Lab Invest 1996;75:659-675.
  • 3. Proleskovskaya IV, Bydanov OI, Konoplya NE. Epidemiology of neuroblastoma in children in the Republic of Belarus. Russian J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021;8:35-42. https://doi.org/10.21682/2311-1267-2021-8-1-35-42
  • 4. Maris JM. The biologic basis for neuroblastoma heterogeneity and risk stratification. Curr Opin Pediatr 2005;17:7-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mop.0000150631.60571.89
  • 5. Adams JM, Cory S. Life-or-death decisions by the Bcl-2 protein family. Trends Biochem Sci 2001;26:61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0004(00)01740-0
  • 6. Gökhan A, Kılıç KD, Gülle K, Uyanıkgil Y, Çavuşoğlu T. Apoptotik yolaklar ve hedefe yönelik tedaviler. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg 2020;27:565-573. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.619417
  • 7. Müller K. Pharmaceutically relevant metabolites from lichens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001;56:9-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100684
  • 8. Ulus G. Antiangiogenic properties of lichen secondary metabolites. Phytother Res 2021;35:3046-3058. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7023
  • 9. Ashby WJ, Zijlstra A. Established and novel methods of interrogating two-dimensional cell migration. Integr Biol (Clamb) 2012;4:1338-1350. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ib20154b
  • 10. Jonkman JEN, Cathcart JA, Xu F, et al. An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy. Cell Adh Migr 2014;8:440-451. https://doi.org/10.4161/cam.36224
  • 11. Gundogdu G, Gundogdu K, Nalci KA, et al. The effect of parietin isolated from rheum ribes l on in vitro wound model using human dermal fibroblast cells. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2019;18:56-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734618819660
  • 12. Varol M. Parietin as an efficient and promising anti-angiogenic and apoptotic small-molecule from Xanthoria parietina. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2020;29:728-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.04.012
  • 13. Demirkaya AK, Gündoğdu G, Dodurga Y, Seçme M, Gündoğdu K. Determination of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of parietin in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 2019;14:29-37. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.387311
  • 14. Çıracı G. Xanthoria Parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Liken ekstraktının fare deri fibroblast hücre kültürlerinde uv ışınlarına karşı önleyici etkilerinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Bursa, 2019.
  • 15. Bačkorová M, Backor M, Mikes J, Jendzelovsky R, Fedorocko P. Variable responses of different human cancer cells to the lichen compounds parietin, atranorin, usnic acid and gyrophoric acid. Toxicol In Vitro 2011;25:37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.004
  • 16. Gündoğdu G, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Çiçek B, et al. Investigation of protective effect of parietin against glutamate excitotoxicity in primary cortical neuron culture. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bil Derg 2018;13:165-173. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.363858
  • 17. Wang X, Ni H, Xu W, et al. Difenoconazole induces oxidative DNA damage and mitochondria mediated apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Chemosphere 2021;283:131160. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131160
  • 18. Kılıç N, Derici MK, Büyük İ, Soydam Aydın A, Aras S, Cansaran Duman D. Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of vulpinic acid and its apoptotic potential using gene expression and protein analysis. IJPER 2018;52:626-634. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4.73
  • 19. Çoban ZD, Karaer T, Atmaca B, Kaya Demir H, Güran Ş. Usnic acid uses mitochondrial apopitotic pathway in it’s antitumoral role. Cumhuriyet Med J 2017;39:539-545. https://doi.org/10.7197/223.v39i31705.347452
  • 20. Ün H, Ugan RA. Olivetol’ün SHSY-5Y nöroblastoma hücrelerinin proliferasyonu ve invazyonu üzerindeki inhibe edici etkileri. Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 2021;11:57-62.
  • 21. Solárová Z, Liskova A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Solar P. Anticancer potential of lichens’ secondary metabolites. Biomolecules 2020;10:87. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010087

Potential effects of parietin on apoptosis and cell cycle related genes in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 243 - 253, 01.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1392275

Öz

Purpose: Ingredients obtained from natural products have been used in cancer treatments for years. High diversity and non-toxicity compared to chemotherapeutic agents are the main reasons for their preference. Lichens having potential for treatment of cancer consist of fungus and 1-2 species of algae. Under the name of lichen substances, many of them have also been synthesized as specific substances. The secondary metabolites in lichens are generally insoluble in water, and have many biological activities such as antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, and antioxidant; they store in the fungal cell or on the surface of the hyphae and can only be extracted with organic solvents. Parietin extracted from lichen species such as xanthoria parietina is an anthraquinone pigment and a secondary metabolite. In our study, the effects of parietin on cytotoxicity, gene expression, migration, invasion, and colony formation in neuroblastoma cells treated with parietin were investigated. SH-SY5Y cell line without parietin was used as the control group.
Materials and methods: The IC50 value of the parietin was determined using XTT assay. The total RNA extractions were performed from the cells using the Tri-Reagent kit. The expressions of BAX, CASPASE3, CASPASE8, CASPASE9, P53, PUMA, NOXA, TIMP1, TIMP2, BCL2, BCL-XL, CASPASE10, BID, CYCLIND1, CDK6, P21, MMP2, MMP9, TRADD and FADD genes were investigated by Lightcycler 480 (Roche) using SYBR Green dye. Migration analysis of the control and the dose group cells were performed in accordance with the Wound-healing assay protocol. Invasion activities were determined using the “Invasion Chamber” (BD Biosciences) protocol. Colonies were treated with crystal violet and observed under the light microscope.
Results: The IC50 value of the parietin used for 48-hour treatment on the cells was determined as 35 μM. It was found that the expression levels of BCL-XL, BCL-2, MMP2, MMP9, P21, and CYCLIN D1 mRNA were downregulated, and it was also shown to be upregulated the expression levels of CASPASE3, CASPASE9, BAX, P53, PUMA, and NOXA to be upregulated. It was determined that parietin suppressed both cell invasion and migration, and colony formation in the neuroblastoma cells.
Conclusions: Thus, it can be possible parietin to be used as an alternative, complementary, and supportive agent together with the other drugs in the treatment of neuroblastoma. However, more comprehensive studies supporting these significant effects of parietin will increase its potential in the application.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Yiallouros M. Nöroblastom (Kısa Bilgiler). (Neuroblastom). 2013. Avaliable at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1591/poh.neurobl.pa¬t¬in¬fo.kurz.1.20120611. Accessed May, 2023.
  • 2. Hoehner JC, Gestblom C, Hedborg F, Sandstedt B, Olsen L, Pahlman S. A developmental model of neuroblastoma: differentiating stroma-poor tumors' progress along an extra-adrenal chromaffin lineage. Lab Invest 1996;75:659-675.
  • 3. Proleskovskaya IV, Bydanov OI, Konoplya NE. Epidemiology of neuroblastoma in children in the Republic of Belarus. Russian J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021;8:35-42. https://doi.org/10.21682/2311-1267-2021-8-1-35-42
  • 4. Maris JM. The biologic basis for neuroblastoma heterogeneity and risk stratification. Curr Opin Pediatr 2005;17:7-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mop.0000150631.60571.89
  • 5. Adams JM, Cory S. Life-or-death decisions by the Bcl-2 protein family. Trends Biochem Sci 2001;26:61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0004(00)01740-0
  • 6. Gökhan A, Kılıç KD, Gülle K, Uyanıkgil Y, Çavuşoğlu T. Apoptotik yolaklar ve hedefe yönelik tedaviler. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg 2020;27:565-573. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.619417
  • 7. Müller K. Pharmaceutically relevant metabolites from lichens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001;56:9-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100684
  • 8. Ulus G. Antiangiogenic properties of lichen secondary metabolites. Phytother Res 2021;35:3046-3058. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7023
  • 9. Ashby WJ, Zijlstra A. Established and novel methods of interrogating two-dimensional cell migration. Integr Biol (Clamb) 2012;4:1338-1350. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ib20154b
  • 10. Jonkman JEN, Cathcart JA, Xu F, et al. An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy. Cell Adh Migr 2014;8:440-451. https://doi.org/10.4161/cam.36224
  • 11. Gundogdu G, Gundogdu K, Nalci KA, et al. The effect of parietin isolated from rheum ribes l on in vitro wound model using human dermal fibroblast cells. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2019;18:56-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734618819660
  • 12. Varol M. Parietin as an efficient and promising anti-angiogenic and apoptotic small-molecule from Xanthoria parietina. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2020;29:728-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.04.012
  • 13. Demirkaya AK, Gündoğdu G, Dodurga Y, Seçme M, Gündoğdu K. Determination of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of parietin in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 2019;14:29-37. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.387311
  • 14. Çıracı G. Xanthoria Parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Liken ekstraktının fare deri fibroblast hücre kültürlerinde uv ışınlarına karşı önleyici etkilerinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Bursa, 2019.
  • 15. Bačkorová M, Backor M, Mikes J, Jendzelovsky R, Fedorocko P. Variable responses of different human cancer cells to the lichen compounds parietin, atranorin, usnic acid and gyrophoric acid. Toxicol In Vitro 2011;25:37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.004
  • 16. Gündoğdu G, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Çiçek B, et al. Investigation of protective effect of parietin against glutamate excitotoxicity in primary cortical neuron culture. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bil Derg 2018;13:165-173. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.363858
  • 17. Wang X, Ni H, Xu W, et al. Difenoconazole induces oxidative DNA damage and mitochondria mediated apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Chemosphere 2021;283:131160. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131160
  • 18. Kılıç N, Derici MK, Büyük İ, Soydam Aydın A, Aras S, Cansaran Duman D. Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of vulpinic acid and its apoptotic potential using gene expression and protein analysis. IJPER 2018;52:626-634. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4.73
  • 19. Çoban ZD, Karaer T, Atmaca B, Kaya Demir H, Güran Ş. Usnic acid uses mitochondrial apopitotic pathway in it’s antitumoral role. Cumhuriyet Med J 2017;39:539-545. https://doi.org/10.7197/223.v39i31705.347452
  • 20. Ün H, Ugan RA. Olivetol’ün SHSY-5Y nöroblastoma hücrelerinin proliferasyonu ve invazyonu üzerindeki inhibe edici etkileri. Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 2021;11:57-62.
  • 21. Solárová Z, Liskova A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Solar P. Anticancer potential of lichens’ secondary metabolites. Biomolecules 2020;10:87. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010087
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yavuz Dodurga 0000-0002-4936-5954

Mücahit Seçme 0000-0002-2084-760X

Levent Elmas 0000-0002-6865-6466

Gülşah Gündoğdu 0000-0002-9924-5176

Ayşe Çekin 0000-0002-7442-4661

Nur Selvi Günel 0000-0003-0612-2263

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 3 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 26 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Dodurga Y, Seçme M, Elmas L, Gündoğdu G, Çekin A, Selvi Günel N. Potential effects of parietin on apoptosis and cell cycle related genes in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Pam Tıp Derg. Nisan 2024;17(2):243-253. doi:10.31362/patd.1392275
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