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Surfactant treatment in newborns other than respiratory distress syndrome

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 1 - 1

Öz

Surfactant, a phospholipid mixture, reduces surface tension and keeps the alveoli open. In its deficiency, widespread atelectasis develops and, as a result, ventilation perfusion balance and gas exchange are impaired. Surfactant is produced in lung type II alveolar cells and is mainly used intratracheally in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), a disease of premature babies. However, recently, the use of exogenous surfactant and its potential benefits have also begun to be emphasized in some diseases such as infection (pneumonia), aspiration (meconium) and congenital pulmonary malformation (diaphragmatic hernia) that develop due to secondary surfactant insufficiency, especially in late premature and term babies.
In this review, the use of surfactant in non-RDS diseases that cause secondary surfactant deficiency in the lungs in newborn babies, its effectiveness and side effects are discussed with current literature data and guidelines, and scientific recommendations are presented.

Etik Beyan

Yok

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Kaynakça

  • Keiser A, Bhandari V. The role of surfactant therapy in nonrespiratory distress syndrome conditions in neonates. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33(1):1-8. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1556883
  • Desai RK, Atar HY, Lakshminrusimha S, Ryan RM. Use of surfactant beyond respiratory distress syndrome, what is the evidence? J Perinatol. 2024;44(4):478-487. doi:10.1038/s41372-024-01921-7
  • Kavurt S, Demirel N, Çelik İH, et al. Surfactant therapy in late preterm infants with respiratory distress in Türkiye: an observational, prospective, multicenter study. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2025;60(2):164-171. doi:10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2025.24236
  • Osman A, Halling C, Crume M, Tabosh HA, Odackal N, Balet MK. Meconium aspiration syndrome: a comprehensive review. J Perinatol. 2023;43(10):1211-1221. doi:10.1038/s41372-023-01708-2
  • Choi HJ, Hahn S, Lee J, et al. Surfactant lavage therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neontology. 2012;101(3):183-191. doi:10.1159/000329822
  • El Sahed AI, Dargaville PA, Ohlsson A, Sollet R. Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;12:CD002054. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002054.pub3
  • Natarajan CK, Sankar MJ, Jain K, Agarwal R, Paul JVK. Surfactant therapy and antibiotics in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Perinatol. 2016;36(Suppl 1):48-53. doi:10.1038/jp.2016.32
  • Hui R, Jing Jing P, Yun Su Z, Xiao Yu Z, Xiao Qing C, Yang Y. Surfactant lavage for neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome-An updated meta-analysis. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;83(8):761-773. doi:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000357
  • Abdelaal MA, Abushanab D, Al Badriyeh D. Surfactant therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates: a systematic overview of systematic reviews and recent clinical trials. J Comp Eff Res. 2020;9(8):527-536. doi:10.2217/cer-2020-0018
  • Bandiya P, Nangia S, Saili A. Surfactant lung lavage vs. standard care in the treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome-A randomized trial. J Trop Pediatr. 2019;65(2):114-121. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmy024
  • Özer EA, Demirel G, Tüzün FT. Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Term Yenidoğanda Solunum Sıkıntısı Tanı, Tedavi ve Korunma Rehberi; 2021.
  • Sweet DG, Carnielli VP, Greisen G, et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology. 2023;120(1):3-23. doi:10.1159/000528914
  • Meconium aspiration syndrome: Management and outcome. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/meconium-aspiration-syndrome-management-and-outcome. Accessed March 11, 2025.
  • Crowley MA. Spectrum of neonatal respiratory disorders. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, eds. Fanaroff & Martin’s neonatal-perinatal medicine diseases of the fetus and infant. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2024;1271-1303.
  • Chakraborty M, Kotecha S. Pulmonary surfactant in newborn infants and children. Breathe. 2013;9(6):476-488.
  • Dargaville PA, Herting E, Soll RF. Neonatal surfactant therapy beyond respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2023;28(6):101501. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2023.101501
  • Cattel F, Giordano S, Bertiond C, et al. Use of exogenous pulmonary surfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Role in SARS-CoV-2-related lung injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2021;288:103645. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2021
  • Tan K, Lai NM, Sharma A. Surfactant for bacterial pneumonia in late preterm and term infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;15:(2):CD008155. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008155.pub2
  • Deshpande S, Suryawanshi P, Ahya K, Maheshwari R, Gupta S. Surfactant therapy for early onset pneumonia in late preterm and term neonates needing mechanical ventilation. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(8):SC09-SC12. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/28523.10520
  • Qiu RX, Liu X, Wang JL, et al. Clinical effect of exogenous pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of severe neonatal infectious pneumonia: a multicenter prospective clinical trial. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2019;21(4):327-331. doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.04.005
  • Rong Z, Mo L, Pan R, et al. Bovine surfactant in the treatment of pneumonia-induced-neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS) in neonates beyond 34 weeks of gestation: a multicentre, randomized, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(4):1107-1115. doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03821-2
  • Holm BA, Notter RH. Effects of hemoglobin and cell membrane lipids on pulmonary surfactant activity. J Appl Physiol. 1987;63(4):1434-1442. doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1434
  • Aziz A, Ohlsson A. Surfactant for pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;2(2):CD005254. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005254.pub4
  • Pandit PB, Dunn MS, Coluccive EA. Surfactant therapy in neonates with respiratory deterioration due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Pediatrics. 1995;95(1):32-36.
  • Amizuka T, Shimizu H, Niida Y, Ogawa Y. Surfactant therapy in neonates with respiratory failure due to haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema. Eur J Pediatr. 2003;162(10):697-702. doi:10.1007/s00431-003-1276-x
  • Bozdağ S, Dilli D, Gökmen T, Dilmen U. Comparison of two natural surfactants for pulmonary hemorrhage in very low-birth-weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Perinatol. 2015;32(3):211-218. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1389090
  • Barnes ME, Feeney E, Duncan A, et al. Pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates: Systematic review of management. Acta Paediatr. 2022;111(2):236-244. doi:10.1111/apa.16127
  • Lee SY, Jackson JE, Lakshiminrusimha S, Brown EG, Farmeri DD. Anatomic disorders of the chest and airways. In: Gleason CA, Sawyer T, eds. Avery’s deseases of the newborn. 11th ed. Philadelpha: Elseview, 2024;626-658.
  • Hansmann G, Koestenberger M, Alastalo TP, et al. 2019 updated consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension: The European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network (EPPVDN), endorsed by AEPC, ESPR and ISHLT. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38(9):879-901. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2019.06.022
  • Mandell E, Steinhorn RH, Abmana SH. Persistent pulmonary hypertension. In: Gleason CA, Sawyer T, eds. Avery’s deseases of the newborn. 11th ed. Philadelpha: Elseview, 2024;703-715.
  • Ramaswamy VV, Abiramalatha T, Bandyopadhyay T, Boyle E, Roehr CC. Surfactant therapy in late preterm and term neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2022;107(4):393-397. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2021-322890
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD): Management and outcome. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-bpd-management-and-outcome. Accessed March 11, 2025.
  • Laughon M, Bose C, Moya F, et al. A pilot randomized, controlled trial of later treatment with a peptide-containing, synthetic surfactant for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):89-96. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2680
  • Lane MD, Kishnani S, Udemadu O, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of late surfactant preparations: a retrospective study. J Perinatol. 2021;41(11):2639-2644. doi:10.1038/s41372-021-01142-2
  • Solis Garcia G, Elias S, Dunn M, Jasani B. Late surfactant administration after 48 hours of age in preterm neonates with respiratory insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2024;109(3):301-307. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326333
  • Schmidt AF, Bancalari EH. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the neonate. In: Martin J, Fanaroff AA, eds. Fanaroff & Martin’s neonatal-perinatal medicine diseases of the fetus and infant. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2024;1330-1345.
  • Phattraprayoon N, Takuathung MN. Efficacy of pulmonary surfactant with budesonide in premature infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2025;20(1):e0312561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312561
  • Sobel DB, Carroll A. Postsurfactant slump: early prediction of neonatal chronic lung disease? J Perinatol. 1994;14(4):268-274.
  • Keller RL, Merrill JD, Black DM, et al. Late administration of surfactant replacement therapy increases surfactant protein-B content: a randomized pilot study. Pediatr Res. 2012;72(6):613-619. doi:10.1038/pr.2012.136
  • Ballard RA, Keller RL, Black DM, et al. Randomized trial of late surfactant treatment in ventilated preterm infants receiving inhaled nitric oxide. J Pediatr. 2016;168:23-29.e4 doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.031
  • Keller RL, Eichenwald EC, Hibbs AM, et al. The randomized, controlled trial of late surfactant: effects on respiratory outcomes at 1 year corrected age. J Pediatr. 2017;183:19-25.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.059
  • Natile M, Ventura ML, Colombo M, et al. Short-term respiratory outcomes in late preterm infants. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40:52. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-40-52
  • Cornette L, Mulder A, Debeer A, et al. Surfactant use in late preterm infants: a survey among Belgian neonatologists. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(3):885-892. doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03806-1
  • Guellec I, Debillon T, Flamant C, Jarreau PH, Serraz B, Tourneux P. Management of respiratory distress in moderate and late preterm infants: clinical trajectories in the Neobs study. Eur J Pediatr. 2023;182(12):5661-5672. doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05259-8
  • Neri C, Sartorius V, De Luca D. Transient tachypnoea: new concepts on the commonest neonatal respiratory disorder. Eur Respir Rev. 2025;34(175):240112. doi:10.1183/16000617.0112-2024
  • Machado LU, Fiori HH, Baldisserotto M, et al. Surfactant deficiency in transient tachypnea of the newborn. J Pediatr. 2011;159(5):750-754. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.04.023
  • Estergota GR, Fiori HH, Ribeiro MAS, et al. Surfactant deficiency in full-term newborns with transient tachypnea delivered by elective C-section. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51(6):596-600. doi:10.1002/ppul.23338
  • Tutdibi E, Hospes B, Landmann E, et al. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN): a role for polymorphisms of surfactant protein B (SP-B) encoding gene? Klin Padiatr. 2003;215(5):248-252. doi:10.1055/s-2003-42670
  • Alkan S, Ozer EA, Ilhan O, Sutcuoglu S, Tatli M. Surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory disorders other than respiratory distress syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(2):131-133. doi:10.3109/14767058.2014.906575
  • Ozdemir SA, Yılman O, Calkavur S, Yıldırım TG. Can surfactants affect mortality and morbidity in term infants with respiratory failure? Turk J Med Sci. 2022;52(6):1779-1784. doi:10.55730/1300-0144.5523

Yenidoğanlarda respiratuvar distres sendromu dışı sürfaktan tedavisi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 1 - 1

Öz

Bir fosfolipid karışımı olan sürfaktan, yüzey gerilimini azaltır ve alveolleri açık tutar. Eksikliğinde yaygın atelektazi gelişir ve bunun sonucunda ventilasyon perfüzyon dengesi ve gaz değişimi bozulur. Sürfaktan akciğer tip II alveolar hücrelerinde yapılmakta ve asıl olarak prematüre bebeklerin hastalığı olan respiratuvar distres sendromu (RDS) tedavisinde intratrakeal olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, son zamanlarda özellikle de geç preterm ve term bebeklerde sekonder sürfaktan yetersizliğine bağlı gelişen; infeksiyon (pnömoni), aspirasyon (mekonyum) ve konjenital pulmoner malformasyon (diyafragma hernisi) gibi bazı hastalıklarda da eksojen sürfaktan kullanımı ve potansiyel faydaları üzerinde durulmaya başlanılmıştır.
Bu derlemede yenidoğan bebeklerde akciğerde sekonder sürfaktan yetersizliğine yol açan RDS dışı hastalıklarda sürfaktan kullanımı ve etkinliği ile yan etkileri güncel literatür verileri ve rehberler eşliğinde tartışılmış ve bilimsel öneriler sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Keiser A, Bhandari V. The role of surfactant therapy in nonrespiratory distress syndrome conditions in neonates. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33(1):1-8. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1556883
  • Desai RK, Atar HY, Lakshminrusimha S, Ryan RM. Use of surfactant beyond respiratory distress syndrome, what is the evidence? J Perinatol. 2024;44(4):478-487. doi:10.1038/s41372-024-01921-7
  • Kavurt S, Demirel N, Çelik İH, et al. Surfactant therapy in late preterm infants with respiratory distress in Türkiye: an observational, prospective, multicenter study. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2025;60(2):164-171. doi:10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2025.24236
  • Osman A, Halling C, Crume M, Tabosh HA, Odackal N, Balet MK. Meconium aspiration syndrome: a comprehensive review. J Perinatol. 2023;43(10):1211-1221. doi:10.1038/s41372-023-01708-2
  • Choi HJ, Hahn S, Lee J, et al. Surfactant lavage therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neontology. 2012;101(3):183-191. doi:10.1159/000329822
  • El Sahed AI, Dargaville PA, Ohlsson A, Sollet R. Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;12:CD002054. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002054.pub3
  • Natarajan CK, Sankar MJ, Jain K, Agarwal R, Paul JVK. Surfactant therapy and antibiotics in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Perinatol. 2016;36(Suppl 1):48-53. doi:10.1038/jp.2016.32
  • Hui R, Jing Jing P, Yun Su Z, Xiao Yu Z, Xiao Qing C, Yang Y. Surfactant lavage for neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome-An updated meta-analysis. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;83(8):761-773. doi:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000357
  • Abdelaal MA, Abushanab D, Al Badriyeh D. Surfactant therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates: a systematic overview of systematic reviews and recent clinical trials. J Comp Eff Res. 2020;9(8):527-536. doi:10.2217/cer-2020-0018
  • Bandiya P, Nangia S, Saili A. Surfactant lung lavage vs. standard care in the treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome-A randomized trial. J Trop Pediatr. 2019;65(2):114-121. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmy024
  • Özer EA, Demirel G, Tüzün FT. Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Term Yenidoğanda Solunum Sıkıntısı Tanı, Tedavi ve Korunma Rehberi; 2021.
  • Sweet DG, Carnielli VP, Greisen G, et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology. 2023;120(1):3-23. doi:10.1159/000528914
  • Meconium aspiration syndrome: Management and outcome. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/meconium-aspiration-syndrome-management-and-outcome. Accessed March 11, 2025.
  • Crowley MA. Spectrum of neonatal respiratory disorders. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, eds. Fanaroff & Martin’s neonatal-perinatal medicine diseases of the fetus and infant. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2024;1271-1303.
  • Chakraborty M, Kotecha S. Pulmonary surfactant in newborn infants and children. Breathe. 2013;9(6):476-488.
  • Dargaville PA, Herting E, Soll RF. Neonatal surfactant therapy beyond respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2023;28(6):101501. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2023.101501
  • Cattel F, Giordano S, Bertiond C, et al. Use of exogenous pulmonary surfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Role in SARS-CoV-2-related lung injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2021;288:103645. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2021
  • Tan K, Lai NM, Sharma A. Surfactant for bacterial pneumonia in late preterm and term infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;15:(2):CD008155. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008155.pub2
  • Deshpande S, Suryawanshi P, Ahya K, Maheshwari R, Gupta S. Surfactant therapy for early onset pneumonia in late preterm and term neonates needing mechanical ventilation. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(8):SC09-SC12. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/28523.10520
  • Qiu RX, Liu X, Wang JL, et al. Clinical effect of exogenous pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of severe neonatal infectious pneumonia: a multicenter prospective clinical trial. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2019;21(4):327-331. doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.04.005
  • Rong Z, Mo L, Pan R, et al. Bovine surfactant in the treatment of pneumonia-induced-neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS) in neonates beyond 34 weeks of gestation: a multicentre, randomized, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(4):1107-1115. doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03821-2
  • Holm BA, Notter RH. Effects of hemoglobin and cell membrane lipids on pulmonary surfactant activity. J Appl Physiol. 1987;63(4):1434-1442. doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1434
  • Aziz A, Ohlsson A. Surfactant for pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;2(2):CD005254. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005254.pub4
  • Pandit PB, Dunn MS, Coluccive EA. Surfactant therapy in neonates with respiratory deterioration due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Pediatrics. 1995;95(1):32-36.
  • Amizuka T, Shimizu H, Niida Y, Ogawa Y. Surfactant therapy in neonates with respiratory failure due to haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema. Eur J Pediatr. 2003;162(10):697-702. doi:10.1007/s00431-003-1276-x
  • Bozdağ S, Dilli D, Gökmen T, Dilmen U. Comparison of two natural surfactants for pulmonary hemorrhage in very low-birth-weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Perinatol. 2015;32(3):211-218. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1389090
  • Barnes ME, Feeney E, Duncan A, et al. Pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates: Systematic review of management. Acta Paediatr. 2022;111(2):236-244. doi:10.1111/apa.16127
  • Lee SY, Jackson JE, Lakshiminrusimha S, Brown EG, Farmeri DD. Anatomic disorders of the chest and airways. In: Gleason CA, Sawyer T, eds. Avery’s deseases of the newborn. 11th ed. Philadelpha: Elseview, 2024;626-658.
  • Hansmann G, Koestenberger M, Alastalo TP, et al. 2019 updated consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension: The European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network (EPPVDN), endorsed by AEPC, ESPR and ISHLT. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38(9):879-901. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2019.06.022
  • Mandell E, Steinhorn RH, Abmana SH. Persistent pulmonary hypertension. In: Gleason CA, Sawyer T, eds. Avery’s deseases of the newborn. 11th ed. Philadelpha: Elseview, 2024;703-715.
  • Ramaswamy VV, Abiramalatha T, Bandyopadhyay T, Boyle E, Roehr CC. Surfactant therapy in late preterm and term neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2022;107(4):393-397. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2021-322890
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD): Management and outcome. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-bpd-management-and-outcome. Accessed March 11, 2025.
  • Laughon M, Bose C, Moya F, et al. A pilot randomized, controlled trial of later treatment with a peptide-containing, synthetic surfactant for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):89-96. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2680
  • Lane MD, Kishnani S, Udemadu O, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of late surfactant preparations: a retrospective study. J Perinatol. 2021;41(11):2639-2644. doi:10.1038/s41372-021-01142-2
  • Solis Garcia G, Elias S, Dunn M, Jasani B. Late surfactant administration after 48 hours of age in preterm neonates with respiratory insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2024;109(3):301-307. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326333
  • Schmidt AF, Bancalari EH. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the neonate. In: Martin J, Fanaroff AA, eds. Fanaroff & Martin’s neonatal-perinatal medicine diseases of the fetus and infant. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2024;1330-1345.
  • Phattraprayoon N, Takuathung MN. Efficacy of pulmonary surfactant with budesonide in premature infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2025;20(1):e0312561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312561
  • Sobel DB, Carroll A. Postsurfactant slump: early prediction of neonatal chronic lung disease? J Perinatol. 1994;14(4):268-274.
  • Keller RL, Merrill JD, Black DM, et al. Late administration of surfactant replacement therapy increases surfactant protein-B content: a randomized pilot study. Pediatr Res. 2012;72(6):613-619. doi:10.1038/pr.2012.136
  • Ballard RA, Keller RL, Black DM, et al. Randomized trial of late surfactant treatment in ventilated preterm infants receiving inhaled nitric oxide. J Pediatr. 2016;168:23-29.e4 doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.031
  • Keller RL, Eichenwald EC, Hibbs AM, et al. The randomized, controlled trial of late surfactant: effects on respiratory outcomes at 1 year corrected age. J Pediatr. 2017;183:19-25.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.059
  • Natile M, Ventura ML, Colombo M, et al. Short-term respiratory outcomes in late preterm infants. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40:52. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-40-52
  • Cornette L, Mulder A, Debeer A, et al. Surfactant use in late preterm infants: a survey among Belgian neonatologists. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(3):885-892. doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03806-1
  • Guellec I, Debillon T, Flamant C, Jarreau PH, Serraz B, Tourneux P. Management of respiratory distress in moderate and late preterm infants: clinical trajectories in the Neobs study. Eur J Pediatr. 2023;182(12):5661-5672. doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05259-8
  • Neri C, Sartorius V, De Luca D. Transient tachypnoea: new concepts on the commonest neonatal respiratory disorder. Eur Respir Rev. 2025;34(175):240112. doi:10.1183/16000617.0112-2024
  • Machado LU, Fiori HH, Baldisserotto M, et al. Surfactant deficiency in transient tachypnea of the newborn. J Pediatr. 2011;159(5):750-754. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.04.023
  • Estergota GR, Fiori HH, Ribeiro MAS, et al. Surfactant deficiency in full-term newborns with transient tachypnea delivered by elective C-section. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51(6):596-600. doi:10.1002/ppul.23338
  • Tutdibi E, Hospes B, Landmann E, et al. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN): a role for polymorphisms of surfactant protein B (SP-B) encoding gene? Klin Padiatr. 2003;215(5):248-252. doi:10.1055/s-2003-42670
  • Alkan S, Ozer EA, Ilhan O, Sutcuoglu S, Tatli M. Surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory disorders other than respiratory distress syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(2):131-133. doi:10.3109/14767058.2014.906575
  • Ozdemir SA, Yılman O, Calkavur S, Yıldırım TG. Can surfactants affect mortality and morbidity in term infants with respiratory failure? Turk J Med Sci. 2022;52(6):1779-1784. doi:10.55730/1300-0144.5523
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yenidoğan
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Özmert M.a. Özdemir 0000-0002-2499-4949

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Özdemir ÖM. Surfactant treatment in newborns other than respiratory distress syndrome. Pam Tıp Derg. Ekim 2025;19(1):1-1. doi:10.31362/patd.1745105
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