Araştırma Makalesi
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İlişkilerin Yıkıcı Yüzü Toksiklik: Toksik İlişki Davranışları Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 65, 321 - 333, 19.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1566355

Öz

Bu çalışmada günümüz romantik ilişkilerinde sıklıkla dile getirilen toksik davranışlar örüntülerini ölçen Toksik İlişki Davranışları Ölçeği (TİDÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanmıştır. Graham (2022) tarafından geliştirilen 32 madde ve 6 alt boyuttan oluşan TİDÖ dil geçerlik çalışmaları için öncelikle 5 farklı uzmana gönderilerek Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. Türkçeye çevrilen ölçeğin tekrar çeviri yoluyla dil geçerlik çalışmaları 4 uzmanla tamamlanmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından nihai form oluşturulmuş ve yapı geçerliği çalışmaları için toplamda 479 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ölçeğin altı faktörlü yapısının doğrulandığını göstermiştir. Yapı geçerliğin yanı sıra yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlik hesaplamaları da yapılmıştır. CR değerlerinin .84 ile .96 arasında değiştiği, AVE değerlerinin de .52 ile .84 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. MSV değerlerinin .51 ile .64, ASV değerlerinin .33 ile .50 arasında değiştiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durum ölçeğin yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlik koşullarını taşıdığını göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra yürütülen güvenirlik çalışmaları neticesinde ölçeğin alt boyutlarına ilişkin güvenirlik katsayılarının .83 ile .95 arasında değiştiğini, ölçeğin tamamına ilişkin güvenirlik katsayısının .96 olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular TİDÖ’nün istatistiksel açıdan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu ortaya koymaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik kurulunun 29/08/2023 tarihli 187 sayılı kararı ile alınan izinle yürütülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Acar Güvendir, M., Kılıç, A. F., & Özer Özkan, Y. (2025). Ölçek Seçiminde Arayış: Doğru Ölçeği Bulma Yolculuğu. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(64), 338-373. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1501330
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Braithwaite, S., & Holt-Lunstad, J. (2017). Romantic relationships and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 120-125.
  • Braithwaite, S. R., Delevi, R., & Fincham, F. D. (2010). Romantic relationships and the physical and mental health of college students. Personal relationships, 17(1), 1-12.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publications.
  • Cantopher, T. (2017). Toxic people: Dealing with dysfunctional relationships. Hachette UK.
  • Church, M. A., Kohlert, J. G., & Brooks, C. I. (2011). The dysfunctional relationships of givers and takers: an analysis of toxic chemistries. Author House.
  • Cory, T. L. (2021). Toxic relationships: What they are and 8 types of toxic individuals. www.healthscopemag.com/health-scope/toxicrelationships/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Deniz, Z. (2007). Psikolojik ölçme aracı uyarlama. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 1-16.
  • Eidelson, R. J., & Epstein, N. (1982). Cognition and relationship maladjustment: Development of a measure of dysfunctional relationship beliefs. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 50(5), 715.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, 39–50.
  • Forth, A., Sezlik, S., Lee, S., Ritchie, M., Logan, J., & Ellingwood, H. (2022). Toxic relationships: The experiences and effects of psychopathy in romantic relationships. International Journal Of Offender Therapy And Comparative Criminology, 66(15), 1627-1658.
  • Foshee, V. A. McNaughton Reyes, H. L., Gottfredson, N.C., Chang, L.Y., & Ennett, S.T. (2013). A longitudinal examination of psychological, behavioral, academic, and relationship consequences of dating abuse victimization among a primarily rural sample of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, 723-729
  • Graham, C. (2022). Demystifying toxic romantic relationships: Identifying behaviors and post-breakup outcomes (Order No. 29069416). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2672024854).
  • Hamamcı, Z. (2005). Dysfunctional relationship beliefs in marital satisfaction and adjustment. Social Behavior And Personality: An İnternational Journal, 33(4), 313-328.
  • Hielscher, E., Moores, C., Blenkin, M., Jadambaa, A., & Scott, J. G. (2021). Intervention programs designed to promote healthy romantic relationships in youth: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescence, 92, 194-236.
  • Hu. L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second edition).
  • Jonason, P. K., Luevano, V. X., & Adams, H. M. (2012). How the Dark Triad traits predict relationship choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 180-184.
  • Kelloway, K. E. (1989). Using lisrel for structural equation modeling: A researcher’s guide. Sage
  • Kılıç, S. (2021). Cronbach’ın alfa güvenirlik katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorder. (JMOOD), 6(1), 47-48. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Koladich, S. J., & Atkinson, B. E. (2016). The dark triad and relationship preferences: A replication and extension. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 253-255.
  • Lay, G. (2019). Understanding relational dysfunction in borderline, narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorders: Considerations, presentation of three case studies, and implications for therapeutic intervention. Psychology Research, 9(8). https://doi.org/:10.17265/2159-5542/2019.08.001
  • Lee, M. (2019). 7 Alarming Signs that You are in a Toxic Relationship. Freedom Bound Publishing. Motz, A. (2014). Toxic couples: The psychology of domestic violence. Routledge.
  • Prusik, M., Konopka, K., & Kocur, D. (2021). Too many shades of gray: The Dark Triad and its linkage to coercive and coaxing tactics to obtain sex and the quality of romantic relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110413.
  • Roberson, P. N., Norona, J. C., Lenger, K. A., & Olmstead, S. B. (2018). How do relationship stability and quality affect wellbeing? Romantic relationship trajectories, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction across 30 years. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 2171-2184.
  • Solferino, N.; Tessitore,M.E. (2021). Human Networks and Toxic Relationships. Mathematics, 9, 2258.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49-74.
  • Şensoy, G., Asıcı, E., & İkiz, F. E. (2019). İlişki Doyumunun Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Güven Aracılığıyla Yordanması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (46), 230-249. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.454315
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Takahashi, K. (2005). Toward a Life Span Theory of Close Relationships: The Affective Relationships Model. Human Development, 48(1-2), 48–66. doi:10.1159/000083215
  • Timmerman, I. G., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2006). The relationship between attachment styles and Cluster B personality disorders in prisoners and forensic inpatients. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 29(1), 48-56.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, 74-85.

Toxicity, Destructive Face of Relationships: Adaptation of the Toxic Relationship Behavior Scale into Turkish

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 65, 321 - 333, 19.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1566355

Öz

In this study, the Toxic Relationship Behaviors Scale (TRBS), which measures the patterns of toxic behaviors frequently expressed in today's romantic relationships, was adapted into Turkish. The TRBS, which consists of 32 items and 6 subscales developed by Graham (2022), was first translated into Turkish by sending it to 5 different experts for language validity studies. The language validity studies of the scale translated into Turkish were completed with 4 experts through re-translation. The final form was created by the researchers and a total of 479 participants were reached for construct validity studies. The findings obtained as a result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the six-factor structure of the scale was confirmed. In addition to construct validity, convergent and divergent validity calculations were also performed. It was observed that CR values ranged between .84 and .96 and AVE values ranged between .52 and .84. It was concluded that MSV values ranged between .51 and .64 and ASV values ranged between .33 and .50. This shows that the scale meets the convergent and divergent validity conditions. In addition, as a result of the reliability studies, it was seen that the reliability coefficients for the subscales of the scale ranged between .83 and .95, and the reliability coefficient for the whole scale was .96. The findings revealed that the TRBS is a statistically valid and reliable measurement tool.

Etik Beyan

This research was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Social and Human Sciences at Mersin University, dated 29/08/2023 and numbered 187.

Kaynakça

  • Acar Güvendir, M., Kılıç, A. F., & Özer Özkan, Y. (2025). Ölçek Seçiminde Arayış: Doğru Ölçeği Bulma Yolculuğu. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(64), 338-373. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1501330
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Braithwaite, S., & Holt-Lunstad, J. (2017). Romantic relationships and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 120-125.
  • Braithwaite, S. R., Delevi, R., & Fincham, F. D. (2010). Romantic relationships and the physical and mental health of college students. Personal relationships, 17(1), 1-12.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publications.
  • Cantopher, T. (2017). Toxic people: Dealing with dysfunctional relationships. Hachette UK.
  • Church, M. A., Kohlert, J. G., & Brooks, C. I. (2011). The dysfunctional relationships of givers and takers: an analysis of toxic chemistries. Author House.
  • Cory, T. L. (2021). Toxic relationships: What they are and 8 types of toxic individuals. www.healthscopemag.com/health-scope/toxicrelationships/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Deniz, Z. (2007). Psikolojik ölçme aracı uyarlama. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 1-16.
  • Eidelson, R. J., & Epstein, N. (1982). Cognition and relationship maladjustment: Development of a measure of dysfunctional relationship beliefs. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 50(5), 715.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, 39–50.
  • Forth, A., Sezlik, S., Lee, S., Ritchie, M., Logan, J., & Ellingwood, H. (2022). Toxic relationships: The experiences and effects of psychopathy in romantic relationships. International Journal Of Offender Therapy And Comparative Criminology, 66(15), 1627-1658.
  • Foshee, V. A. McNaughton Reyes, H. L., Gottfredson, N.C., Chang, L.Y., & Ennett, S.T. (2013). A longitudinal examination of psychological, behavioral, academic, and relationship consequences of dating abuse victimization among a primarily rural sample of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, 723-729
  • Graham, C. (2022). Demystifying toxic romantic relationships: Identifying behaviors and post-breakup outcomes (Order No. 29069416). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2672024854).
  • Hamamcı, Z. (2005). Dysfunctional relationship beliefs in marital satisfaction and adjustment. Social Behavior And Personality: An İnternational Journal, 33(4), 313-328.
  • Hielscher, E., Moores, C., Blenkin, M., Jadambaa, A., & Scott, J. G. (2021). Intervention programs designed to promote healthy romantic relationships in youth: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescence, 92, 194-236.
  • Hu. L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second edition).
  • Jonason, P. K., Luevano, V. X., & Adams, H. M. (2012). How the Dark Triad traits predict relationship choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 180-184.
  • Kelloway, K. E. (1989). Using lisrel for structural equation modeling: A researcher’s guide. Sage
  • Kılıç, S. (2021). Cronbach’ın alfa güvenirlik katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorder. (JMOOD), 6(1), 47-48. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Koladich, S. J., & Atkinson, B. E. (2016). The dark triad and relationship preferences: A replication and extension. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 253-255.
  • Lay, G. (2019). Understanding relational dysfunction in borderline, narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorders: Considerations, presentation of three case studies, and implications for therapeutic intervention. Psychology Research, 9(8). https://doi.org/:10.17265/2159-5542/2019.08.001
  • Lee, M. (2019). 7 Alarming Signs that You are in a Toxic Relationship. Freedom Bound Publishing. Motz, A. (2014). Toxic couples: The psychology of domestic violence. Routledge.
  • Prusik, M., Konopka, K., & Kocur, D. (2021). Too many shades of gray: The Dark Triad and its linkage to coercive and coaxing tactics to obtain sex and the quality of romantic relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110413.
  • Roberson, P. N., Norona, J. C., Lenger, K. A., & Olmstead, S. B. (2018). How do relationship stability and quality affect wellbeing? Romantic relationship trajectories, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction across 30 years. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 2171-2184.
  • Solferino, N.; Tessitore,M.E. (2021). Human Networks and Toxic Relationships. Mathematics, 9, 2258.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49-74.
  • Şensoy, G., Asıcı, E., & İkiz, F. E. (2019). İlişki Doyumunun Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Güven Aracılığıyla Yordanması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (46), 230-249. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.454315
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Takahashi, K. (2005). Toward a Life Span Theory of Close Relationships: The Affective Relationships Model. Human Development, 48(1-2), 48–66. doi:10.1159/000083215
  • Timmerman, I. G., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2006). The relationship between attachment styles and Cluster B personality disorders in prisoners and forensic inpatients. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 29(1), 48-56.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, 74-85.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Aile Danışmanlığı, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Ammar Kurt 0000-0001-8904-8091

Bülent Gündüz 0000-0002-8451-816X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 65

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurt, A. A., & Gündüz, B. (2025). İlişkilerin Yıkıcı Yüzü Toksiklik: Toksik İlişki Davranışları Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(65), 321-333. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1566355